El Diario de Pontevedra : periódico liberal: Ano LI Número 15301 - 1937 novembro 2

Fig. S1. Viability of FaDu and Cal27 cells at low concentrations of methylglyoxal. Assessment of the cytotoxic effect of MG at low concentration in a colony-forming assay. (TIFF 92 kb

Perfiles paleokarsticos en el techo de la unidad intermedia del mioceno de la cuenca de Madrid

An intra-Vallesian (Upper Miocene) paleokarst developed at the top of the Intermediate Miocene Unit in the continental Madrid basin is recognized. This paleokarst is a early shallow, tabular-shaped karst that shows a marked control by the depositional facies pattern and lithologies. By integrating morphological, petrological and geochemica1 data, three hydrogeological or environmental zones have been established throughout the paleokarstic profiles: (i) a vadose zone, characterized by vertically elongated caves and discontinuous speleothems and vadose cements (ii) a 3-7 m thick water table fringe, characterized by the wide development of stratiform breccia bodies, the superimposition of both vadose and phreatic features, and the lowest Fe and Mn contents in host-rock carbonates; and (iii) a phreatic zone characterized by an increase of 6I3C values and the predominance of phreatic cementation. The paleogeographic reconstruction for the intra-Vallesian paleokarst using paleokarstic profiles reveals relative topographic highs to the north and topographic lows to the south drawing the paleokarst landscape.<br><br>En el techo de la Unidad Intermedia del Mioceno de la Cuenca de Madrid se ha desarrollado un paleokarst temprano, somero y de forma tabular que muestra un marcado control litol&#243;gico y del dispositivo de facies deposicionales en su g&#233;nesis. Integrando criterios geomorfol&#243;gicos, petrogr&#225;ficos y geoqu&#237;micos se ha establecido una zonaci&#243;n hidrogeol&#243;gica en los perfiles paleok&#225;rsticos estudiados, diferenci&#225;ndose: (i) una zona vadosa caracterizada por la existencia de cavidades alargadas en la vertical tapizadas discontinuamente por espeleotemas y otros cementos vadosos; (ii) una franja de oscilaci&#243;n del nivel fre&#225;tico de unos 3-7 metros de espesor, caracterizado por el desarrollo extensivo de cuerpos brechoides estratiformes, la yuxtaposici&#243;n de cementos vadosos y fre&#225;ticos y los contenidos m&#225;s bajos en Fe y Mn en el material encajante, y (iii) una zona fre&#225;tica caracterizada por un aumento en los valores de 613C y el predominio de la cementaci&#243;n fre&#225;tica. La correlaci&#243;n de los perfiles paleok&#225;rticos revela una paleogeograf&#237;a para el techo de la Unidad Intermedia con un paisaje topogr&#225;ficamente descendente de norte a sur en la cuenca para el Vallesiense

Additional file 7: of Glyoxalase 1 expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Table S5. Univariate analysis of distinct risk factors for progression-free and disease-specific survival. (DOCX 72 kb

Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density-10

Ate cultures (HLAC) from tonsil in principle as described in the legend to Fig. 1. Each experiment was performed in triplicate, and 2–4 independent experiments were performed (see Table 1). Shown are arithmetic means ± SD from one experiment. (C) HIV-1replication kinetics in monocyte-derived macrophages under conditions of continuous extract exposure. HIV-1stocks were exposed to the indicated concentrations of lemon balm extract for 1 h at 37°C. Primary macrophages were challenged overnight with the virus-extract suspension, washed the following day, and then cells were continuously cultured in medium containing the indicated concentrations of extract. HIV-1 replication was monitored at days 1, 7, 12, and 16 post infection by p24 ELISA. (D) Relative levels of HIV-1 replication at the endpoint (day 16 post infection) relative to untreated controls with the ICindicated. (E) Viability. In parallel, monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to the identical extract concentrations over the 16 day-period and then analyzed in a standard MTT assay. Shown are arithmetic means ± standard deviations relative to untreated controls (set to 100%) from one donor.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/27</p><p>Retrovirology 2008;5():27-27.</p><p>Published online 20 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2288616.</p><p></p

Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density-2

0.006 to 3% (peppermint), or 0.006 to 1% (sage), solvent only, or efavirenz for 1 h, and then added to Sup-T1 T-cells. (B) Cell treatment. Alternatively, Sup-T1 cells were directly exposed to aqueous extracts, solvent, or overnight. efavirenz for 1 h. Subsequently, cells were washed and challenged with HIV-1Analysis of HIV-1 replication was performed as described in the legend to Fig. 1. Shown are arithmetic means ± SD relative to untreated controls (set to 100%) from one experiment. The inscription for the x-axis of (B) applies also to the x-axis of (A).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/27</p><p>Retrovirology 2008;5():27-27.</p><p>Published online 20 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2288616.</p><p></p

Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density-5

Ls, expressing the HIV receptor complex, cocultured with CHO Tat cells, transiently expressing the JR-FL Env proteins, were determined via β-galactosidase enzyme activity in relation to the protein concentration. (B) Following overnight transfection, CHO Tat cells expressing JF-FL Env were treated either with different concentrations of lemon balm extract (0.6% (highest non-toxic concentration), 0.1%, or 0.06%), solvent, or enfuvirtide (positive control) for 1 h prior to addition of TZM-bl cells and during the coculture period. The relative fusion efficiency of untreated cells was set to 100% and the arithmetic mean ± SD (n = 4) are given. The experiment shown is representative for three independent experiments. *** Student's -test; p < 0.001.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/27</p><p>Retrovirology 2008;5():27-27.</p><p>Published online 20 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2288616.</p><p></p

Veldaangeleenthede en beweging van wild in die Kalahari - Gemsbokpark

Veldaangeleenthede en beweging van wild in die Kalahari - Gemsbokpar

Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density-6

Ermint extract at the indicated concentrations for 1 h at 37°C and subsequently added to TZM-bl cells. Cells were washed the following day and analyzed for GFP expression by flow cytometry on day 3 post infection. (E) Lemon balm extract was dialyzed overnight against water at molecular weight cut-offs of 3.5 kDa or 12 kDa and then tested for antiviral activity as described above. (F) Replication-competent ecotropic MoMLV-GFP was exposed to lemon balm extract prior to addition to primary rat T-cells. The level of infection of cultures was scored on day 4 post infection and the percentage of GFP-positive cells of solvent-treated controls was set to 100%. Experiments were performed in triplicate, and 2–3 independent experiments were conducted. Given are arithmetic means ± SD from one representative experiment (two independent experiments are shown for VSV-G).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/27</p><p>Retrovirology 2008;5():27-27.</p><p>Published online 20 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2288616.</p><p></p

Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density-4

for 1 h at 37°C and subsequently added to TZM-bl cells. Alternatively, TZM-bl cells were pretreated with enfuvirtide at concentrations ranging from 0.0032 to 10 μM for 15 min and then inoculated with HIV-1wildtype and mutants. TZM-bl cells were washed the following day. 48 h post infection cells were lysed and the luciferase activity was quantified. Each experiment was performed in triplicate, and four independent experiments were conducted. ICvalues for HIV-1wildtype infections were arbitrarily set to 1 and a factor of difference was calculated for the mutant strains, corresponding to the degree of resistance, for each experiment. Shown are arithmetic means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the degree of resistance from four independent experiments. (B) HIV-1 GFP reporter viruses pseudotyped with JR-FL Env were either pretreated with lemon balm extract for 1 h at 37°C and then added to TZM-bl cells or added to target cells simultaneously with the extract. (C) Alternatively, virions were either prebound to cells for 2 h at 4°C, washed, exposed to extract and then shifted to 37°C, or added to cells simultaneously with the extract at 37°C. (B, C) The experiments shown are representative for 2–4 independent experiments and the arithmetic mean ± SD (n = 3) is given.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/27</p><p>Retrovirology 2008;5():27-27.</p><p>Published online 20 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2288616.</p><p></p

Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density-1

Gate cultures (HLAC) from tonsil in principle as described in the legend to Fig. 1. Each experiment was performed in triplicate, and 2–4 independent experiments were performed (see Table 1). Shown are arithmetic means ± SD from one experiment. (C) HIV-1replication kinetics in monocyte-derived macrophages under conditions of continuous extract exposure. HIV-1stocks were exposed to the indicated concentrations of lemon balm extract for 1 h at 37°C. Primary macrophages were challenged overnight with the virus-extract suspension, washed the following day, and then cells were continuously cultured in medium containing the indicated concentrations of extract. HIV-1 replication was monitored at days 1, 7, 12, and 16 post infection by p24 ELISA. (D) Relative levels of HIV-1 replication at the endpoint (day 16 post infection) relative to untreated controls with the ICindicated. (E) Viability. In parallel, monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to the identical extract concentrations over the 16 day-period and then analyzed in a standard MTT assay. Shown are arithmetic means ± standard deviations relative to untreated controls (set to 100%) from one donor.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/27</p><p>Retrovirology 2008;5():27-27.</p><p>Published online 20 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2288616.</p><p></p