Percentage of Income from trophy hunting that is derived from each of a number of key species in several countries.

a<p>The rank importance of each species to the earnings from trophy hunting (according to the data from hunting blocks analysed) (including species other than the key species included in the table).</p>b<p>Data on elephant quotas were unavailable in Tanzania: industry experts advised that approximately 60 elephants are hunted per year and off-takes were assumed to be distributed evenly across blocks excluding those close to the Kenya border where elephants are not hunted.</p

Costs data used to estimate potential earnings from trophy hunting.

a<p>In most countries, lease length is largely consistent among blocks, but in Mozambique, due to high variability in this measure, mean lease length ± SE reported by operators was used.</p>b<p>We assumed (using data from the surveys) that 61±19.1% (mean ± SD) of running costs were fixed, and the remainder were variable.</p>c<p>Due to a small sample size, we used the Tanzanian mean value for start up and operating costs in Zambia, but used the minimum and maximum values from Zambia.</p

Gross and net earnings (US$/km²) from trophy hunting with and without lions on quota (± S.E., the ‘with’ scenario includes areas which do not normally have lions on quota – and for those areas, calculations were made without lions on quota for both scenarios).

<p>Gross and net earnings (US$/km²) from trophy hunting with and without lions on quota (± S.E., the ‘with’ scenario includes areas which do not normally have lions on quota – and for those areas, calculations were made without lions on quota for both scenarios).</p

Mean price for the cheapest trophy hunting packages (daily rates and trophy fees) for each of four key species.

<p>Mean price for the cheapest trophy hunting packages (daily rates and trophy fees) for each of four key species.</p

Mean predicted returns on investment from trophy hunting under three lion hunting scenarios, percentages of hunting blocks in which trophy hunting operations are predicted to be financially viable, and the minimum area in which trophy hunting is predicted to be viable (excluding some areas in each country that were excluded from the analyses).

a<p>Most of the remainder of Namibia's hunting areas are privately owned and do not support lion populations.</p>b<p>Including all game management areas (some of which may not actually support hunting in practise), excluding the unknown (but relatively small) area of game ranches in which hunting is practised.</p>c<p>The remainder of Zimbabwe's hunting areas comprise CAMPFIRE areas (of which lions are hunted in approximately 6,800 km²), and private ranches (most of which do not support lions, except for conservancies, which are included in the above-analysis).</p

Mean annual changes in the price of hunts of key hunting trophies (including trophy fees, and daily rates) during 2005–2011, adjusted for inflation (see footnote).

<p>We used the compound US inflation rate to convert 2011 hunt prices into 2005 US dollars, and compared these prices with actual 2005 hunt prices to determine the real increase or decrease in hunt prices in the period from 2005 to 2011.</p

Operators’ perceptions of lion population trends in their hunting concessions.

<p>Operators’ perceptions of lion population trends in their hunting concessions.</p

Rules and processes relating to the allocation of hunting blocks and management of lion hunting in southern Africa and Tanzania (derived from surveys with senior officials).

<p>Rules and processes relating to the allocation of hunting blocks and management of lion hunting in southern Africa and Tanzania (derived from surveys with senior officials).</p

Perceptions of hunting operators regarding problems associated with the trophy hunting of African lions.

<p>Perceptions of hunting operators regarding problems associated with the trophy hunting of African lions.</p

Square kilometres/lion on quota and lion hunted, and the percentage of hunting blocks with >0.5 lions on quota and lions hunted.

a<p>Except Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Namibia where there were missing data on the size of some hunting blocks: in those countries we took the mean area per lion on quota for blocks that we had data for;</p>b<p>Note that for Mozambique, Namibia and especially Zimbabwe, the area per lion hunted represents an underestimate as data on the sizes of some hunting blocks where lions are hunted were unavailable and thus not included in the analysis;</p>c<p>In some Namibian conservancies, lion trophy quotas are only issued every second year. The quota figure may exclude some lions hunted on private lands;</p>d<p>In January 2013, a moratorium was imposed on the hunting of lions and leopards in Zambia to provide time to collect information on populations of the species as a basis for establishing quotas;</p>e<p>In Mozambique – the quota for state and community areas in 2013 was 42, but we could not access data for game ranches where lions have been hunted in the past. In 2009, for example, the national quota including game ranches was 60. Lack of data on lion hunting on game ranches means that we may have under-estimated the area across which lions are hunted and the area per lion on quota and lion hunted may be over-estimated somewhat as game ranches are typically somewhat smaller than state hunting blocks.</p