Impact of urban factors and invasive species on white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) habitat use and foraging behavior in an urban forest park.

White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) select for areas of greater canopy cover at the macro scale, and for areas with more CWD at the micro-scale. White-footed mice potentially avoid habitats with higher invasive species richness. White-footed mice preferentially foraged under the honeysuckle canopy in response to changes in temperature and humidity. This study suggests that the interaction between P. leucopus and ground layer invasive species is complex, and that the effect of moonlight may be diminished in this urban park. Urban ecosystems demonstrate high levels of anthropogenic land-use change, modification of abiotic inputs, and altered disturbance regimes. These changes result in reduced native biodiversity and increased presence of invasive species. Urban parks often serve as reserves for more sensitive native species, helping to preserve native biodiversity through mitigation of anthropogenic effects. Understanding what changes affect these urban parks, how the vegetative community responds, and how species (small mammals in particular) modify their behaviors to persist in these areas will increase our ability to manage urban areas for maximum biodiversity. This research project took place in Twin Parks, a forested bottomland urban park. Chapter 1 assesses the habitat at a macro scale, determining what elements of the vegetative community, vertical structure, and environment contribute to patterns of white-footed mouse capture. Chapter 2 assesses habitat selection at a microhabitat scale, examining how P. leucopus uses the invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Chapter 3 examines P. leucopus anti-predator responses in relation to coarse woody debris (CWD) and honeysuckle canopy cover using Giving-Up-Density trials

Should we use appetite stimulants for malnourished elderly patients?

Only 1 appetite stimulate, megestrol acetate oral suspension (Megace) at 400 mg or 800 mg daily, has been studied in this population. The data show only limited benefit, mixed outcomes, and potential harm (strength of recommendation: B, based on small, randomized, controlled trials)

Does birth weight predict childhood obesity?

A birth weight greater than 4,000 g is associated with an increased risk of obesity in both childhood and adolescence (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, systematic review and multiple cohort studies)

Does spinal manipulation relieve back pain?

Spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) reduces lower back pain and improves the ability to perform everyday activities more than sham therapies (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, multiple randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and systematic reviews), but it�۪s no more or less effective than pain medication, physical therapy, exercise, back school, or care given by a general practitioner (SOR: A, meta-analysis)

Comment letters to the National Commission on Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, 1987 (Treadway Commission) Vol. 1

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_sop/1661/thumbnail.jp

ECOLOGY OF FLANNELMOUTH SUCKER IN THE LEE'S FERRY TAILWATER, COLORADO RIVER, ARIZONA

Volume: 59Start Page: 259End Page: 26