1st FPGA Developers' Forum (FDF) meeting

In modern Data Acquisition (DAQ) gateware, developers use many basic parts to make custom features. These parts come from vendors or are made by developers themselves. This often leads to a fragmented codebase difficult to test, integrate, and use with different tools. To fix this, a new open-source core library has been made. This library is a collection of commonly used cores and blocks developed in pure VHDL, which ensures vendor-independence. The functionality of these blocks is verified through a set of self-checking testbenches and, wherever possible, formal verification tests. This library not only addresses the current challenges but also offers benefits such as improved code maintainability, reduced development time, and enhanced interoperability across various vendor environments In conclusion, the proposed open-source core library stands as a robust solution to the challenges of gateware development, offering a pathway to more efficient and reliable system implementation

The New Event Builder of the LHCb Experiment: Network Optimisations for the Online Cluster

The LHCb experiment at CERN LHC collider investigates the c- and b- quarks flavour sector of the standard model of particle physics. For the Run III of LHC (2022-2025), LHCb has been upgraded to withstand proton-proton collisions of 14 TeV centre-of-mass energy up to an istantaneous luminosity of $2\times10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The entire online data acquisition chain has been redesigned to fully exploit the higher luminosity. The upgraded system is designed to perform full readout and online reconstruction of the full 40 MHz rate without any low-level hardware trigger, with an expected aggregated throughput of $\sim$32 Tb/s. This requires a state-of-the-art design in the networking and computing sides. The online computer cluster is built using ~170 servers, interconnected via a 200 Gb/s InfiniBand-based network. The data from the LHCb sub-detectors are fragmented throughout all the servers and have to be assembled before the event reconstruction can take place; this process is known as Event Builder. The first design of the Event Builder software used MPI for the parallel network communication, which presents an underperforming warmup phase and a suboptimal handling of dead processes, leading to potential dead time and consequent data loss. The solution was the design of a custom network library based on the InfiniBand Verbs API called InfiniBuilder. InfiniBuilder has been designed as a drop-in replacement for MPI calls, which can be further customised by leveraging the hardware capabilities of InfiniBand. InfiniBuilder resolves the issues reported with MPI and is capable of achieving better performance in throughput tests. The results of the benchmarks have shown that InfiniBuilder have achieved the design goals, leading to its integration in the current version of the LHCb Event Builder software, which will enable efficient data taking during Run III

A Low-Cost, Low-Power Media Converter Solution for Next-Generation Detector Readout Systems

International audienceHigh Energy Physics (HEP) data acquisition systems are often built from high-end FPGAs. As such systems scale in the HL-LHC era, severe under-utilization of FPGA transceivers can occur because front-end links prioritize radiation hardness and power consumption over raw data bandwidth. This work evaluates recently introduced low-power, low-cost FPGA devices as an alternative building block for future readout architectures. This study presents the implementation of a readout back-End on FPGA where the front-end protocol is based on the Low-Power GigaBit Transceiver (lpGBT) and the readout protocol is based on 10 Gigabit Ethernet, using the LHCb Run 4 RICH detector as a practical case study

A Low-Cost, Low-Power Media Converter Solution for Next-Generation Detector Readout Systems

International audienceHigh Energy Physics (HEP) data acquisition systems are often built from high-end FPGAs. As such systems scale in the HL-LHC era, severe under-utilization of FPGA transceivers can occur because front-end links prioritize radiation hardness and power consumption over raw data bandwidth. This work evaluates recently introduced low-power, low-cost FPGA devices as an alternative building block for future readout architectures. This study presents the implementation of a readout back-End on FPGA where the front-end protocol is based on the Low-Power GigaBit Transceiver (lpGBT) and the readout protocol is based on 10 Gigabit Ethernet, using the LHCb Run 4 RICH detector as a practical case study

Oil-in-microgel strategy for enzymatic-triggered release of hydrophobic Drugs

Polymer microgels have received considerable attention due to their great potential in the biomedical field as drug delivery systems. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan composed of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. This polymer is biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be chemically modified. In this work, a co-flow microfluidic strategy for the preparation of biodegradable HA microgels encapsulating hydrophobic drugs is presented. The approach relies on: (i) generation of a primary oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion by the ultrasonication method, (ii) formation of a double oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion (O/W/O) using microfluidics, and (iii) cross-linking of microgels by photopolymerization of HA precursors modified with methacrylate groups (HA-MA) present in the aqueous phase of the droplets. The procedure is used for the encapsulation and controlled release of progesterone. Degradability and encapsulation/release studies in PBS buffer at 37 ºC in presence of different concentrations of hyaluronidase are performed. It is demonstrated that enzymatic degradation can be used to trigger the release of progesterone from microgels. This method provides precise control of the release system and can be applied for the encapsulation and controlled release of different types of hydrophobic drugs.Fil: Busatto, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Labie, H.. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Lapeyre, V.. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Auzely Velty, R.. Universite Joseph Fourier; FranciaFil: Perro, A.. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Casis, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Estenoz, Diana Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Ravaine, V.. Universite de Bordeaux; Franci

Design and Commissioning of the First 32-Tbit/s Event-Builder

The large hadron collider beauty (LHCb) experiment is a forward spectrometer, designed to study beauty and charm quarks physics at the large hadron collider (LHC). To exploit of the higher luminosity that will be delivered during Run3, the full experiment needed a substantial upgrade, from the detector to the data acquisition (DAQ) and high level trigger (HLT). In this article, we will focus on the new DAQ system for the LHCb experiment that represents a substantial paradigm shift compared to the previous one, and to similar systems used by similar experiments in the past and present times. To overcome the inefficiencies introduced by a local selection implemented directly with the readout hardware, the Run3 system is designed to perform a full software reconstruction of all the produced events. To achieve this, both the DAQ and the HLT need to process the $\sim$ 30 MHz full event-rate. In particular, this article will introduce the final design of the system; it will provide a focus on the hardware and software design of the event building (EB) and how we integrated technologies designed for the high performance computing (HPC) world — like InfiniBand HDR (200 Gb/s) — into the DAQ system; we will present performance measurements of the full EB system under different operational conditions; and we will provide a feedback from EB operation during the beginning of the data-taking.The large hadron collider beauty (LHCb) experiment is a forward spectrometer, designed to study beauty and charm quarks physics at the large hadron collider (LHC). To exploit of the higher luminosity that will be delivered during Run3, the full experiment needed a substantial upgrade, from the detector to the data acquisition (DAQ) and high level trigger (HLT). In this article, we will focus on the new DAQ system for the LHCb experiment that represents a substantial paradigm shift compared to the previous one, and to similar systems used by similar experiments in the past and present times. To overcome the inefficiencies introduced by a local selection implemented directly with the readout hardware, the Run3 system is designed to perform a full software reconstruction of all the produced events. To achieve this, both the DAQ and the HLT need to process the ∼30 MHz full event-rate. In particular, this article will introduce the final design of the system; it will provide a focus on the hardware and software design of the event building (EB) and how we integrated technologies designed for the high performance computing (HPC) world — like InfiniBand HDR (200 Gb/s) — into the DAQ system; we will present performance measurements of the full EB system under different operational conditions; and we will provide a feedback from EB operation during the beginning of the data-taking

Circuitos de artes plásticas y fotografía: X edición, 1998

Para artistas residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid menores de 35 años. Cada año, desde hace tres décadas, la Sala de Arte Joven convoca las ayudas a la producción de obra de tema, técnica y materiales libres de un máximo de 10 jóvenes artistas. Cada seleccionado/a recibe una ayuda económica y participa en una exposición colectiva en la Sala de Arte Joven junto con el resto de seleccionados/as: una plataforma de fomento del arte emergente más sólidas y estables.Depto. de Dibujo y GrabadoFac. de Bellas ArtesTRUEpu

SURPRISE-PARTIE EN ITALIE / PERRO-RAPHAELI et son orchestre

Comprend : FIORIN FIORELLO : fox / MENDES - MASCHERONI - TE VOGLIO BENE : boléro / Renato RASCEL - APPASIONATAMENTE : valse / D. RULLI - ROMANINA : tarentelle / J. LANGOSZ - NOTA PER NOTA : boléro / G. VIEZZOLI - CIURRI, CIURRI : one-step / FINNI - ADDORMENTARNI COSI : boléro / BIRI - MASCHERONI - ACQUE AMARE : boléro / NISA - ROSSI - IN CERCA DI TE : fox / TESTONI - SCIORILLI - LA MOGLIERA : tarentelle / Da VINCI - Di LAZARE - VILLA DORA : boléro / BERETTA - LANGOSZ - LA COLPA FU : fox / BERETTA - SCIORILLI - FOCU VIVO : boléro / D'ACQUISTO - CON CINA - CI-CIU-CI : fox / MINORETTI - SERACINI - VOLA, VOLA, VOLA : valse / ALBANESE - SOGNI DI GLORIA : slow / RIVI - INNOCENTIBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière

Improved measurement of CPCP violation parameters in Bs0→J/ψK+K−B_s^0\to J/\psi K^+K^- decays in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020)\phi(1020) resonance

The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B_s^0\to J/\psi(\to \mu^+\mu^-) K^+ K^-$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6 {\rm fb}^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B_s^0$ signal decays with an invariant $K^+ K^-$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B_s^0$-$\overline{B}_s^0$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024 ~{\rm ps}^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.056^{\:+\:0.0013}_{\:-\:0.0015} \pm 0.0014 ~{\rm ps}^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^+K^-$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0_s\to J/\psi(\to \mu^{+}\mu^{-}) K^{+}K^{-}$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 $fb^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B^{0}_{s}$ signal decays with an invariant $K^{+}K^{-}$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B^0_s$-$\bar{B}^0_s$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B^0_s$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = \ -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024$ ps$^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.0056 ^{+ 0.0013}_{-0.0015} \pm 0.0014$ ps$^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^{+}K^{-}$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence

Measurement of CP violation in B0→ψ(→ℓ+ℓ−)KS0(→π+π−)B^0\to\psi(\to\ell^+\ell^-)K^0_S(\to\pi^+\pi^-) decays

International audienceA measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of $B^0$ and $\overline{B}^0$ mesons to the final states $J/\psi(\to\mu^+\mu^-)K^0_S$, $\psi(2S)(\to\mu^+\mu^-)K^0_S$ and $J/\psi(\to e^+e^-)K^0_S$ with $K^0_S\to\pi^+\pi^-$ is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb${}^{-1}$ collected at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be \begin{align*} S_{\psi K^0_S} &= 0.717 \pm 0.013 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.008 (\text{syst}), \\ C_{\psi K^0_S} &= 0.008 \pm 0.012 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.003 (\text{syst}). \end{align*} This measurement of $S_{\psi K^0_S}$ represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle $\beta$ to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed