Rancang Bangun dan Implementasi Alat Ukur dan Sistem Informasi pada Listrik Satu Fasa

Sistem monitoring penggunaan listrik baik secara prabayar maupun pascabayar masih memiliki beberapa masalah, salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi adalah masih kurangnya pengawasan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar penggunaan listrik di suatu rumah atau suatu daerah. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan sebuah perangkat yang mampu mengukur parameter-parameter pada listrik arus AC (Alternating Current) satu fasa, dan menampilkannya hasilnya dalam suatu sistem informasi, sehingga penggunaan daya listrik dari setiap rumah atau daerah dapat diketahui jumlahnya.Dengan menggunakan papan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai pengolah datanya, parameter yang dapat diukur oleh perangkat terdiri dari arus, tegangan dan daya, data pengukuran tersebut kemudian dikirim melalui jaringan wireless ke sebuah komputer server, komputer server berfungsi sebagai penyimpanan data hasil monitoring dan mengolah data tersebut menjadi sebuah informasi yang ditampilkan dalam sebuah website.Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada pengukuran arus didapatkan nilai kesalahan rata-rata sebesar 3,28%, kesalahan rata-rata pengukuran tegangan sebesar 0,39%, pada pengukuran nilai daya didapatkan nilai kesalahan rata-rata sebesar 8,82%. Sedangkan pada proses pengiriman data diperoleh nilai presentase error sebesar 0.1%, dan akurasi data mencapai 100%

Perhitungan dan Penggunaan Parameter Pertumbuhan Serangga dalam Pengujian Senyawa Penghambat Pertumbuhan Serangga

Studies of the effect of allelochemicals or other insect growth regulator on the development of insect is difficult using parameter currently employed. By measuring the effect growth inhibiting of seed crude extract of soursop seed, (Annona muricata); neem seed, (Azadirachta indica); and leaf crude extract of Lantana, (Lantana camara) on the Heliothis armigera larvae, growth index (GI) and relative growth index (RGI) calculation are demonstrated in this paper

Pengaruh Formulasi Metil Eugenol Block Plus terhadap Tangkapan Lalat Buah Bactrocera Spp. pada Tanaman Cabai

Fruit fly Bactrocera spp. is one of important pests in Chili pepper. The use of methyl eugenol (ME) block plus as an attractant in traps is one method of controlling fruit flies populations. This study aims to find out the appropriate formulation of ME block plus formulation in increasing fruit fly catches on Chili pepper. The experiment was carried out from January to April 2018 in Lembang Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. The experiment used a randomized block design consists of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were ME 2 ml was applied to all treatments using cotton; block; Chili essence 4 ml block; 4 ml block of guava essence; orange essence 4 ml block; starfruit essence 4 ml block; mango essence 4 ml block; an attractant block product with the active ingredient ME. Although the results showed that all the treatments tested could not attract female fruit flies, the essence formulation was successful in attracting male fruit flies by 87%. The 4 ml Chili essence in the 2 ml ME block formulation was the most effective treatment to increase male fruit fly catches by as much as 377 fruit flies/traps/week specifically the species Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, and hybrid fruit flies B. dorsalis x B. carambolae

Biologi Lalat Sciarid, Bradysia Ocellaris (Diptera : Sciaridae), Serangga Hama pada Pertanaman Jamur Tiram

Bradysia ocellaris Comstock is an important insect pest of oyster mushroom at Bandung. Eggs are oval, 0.44 ± 0.12 mm in length, 0.26 ± 0.08 mm in width, and translucent. Larvae are worm-like, legless, translucent, and capsule distinctive black. Larvae consist four instars. Pupae are obtectate, 2040 ± 0.22 mm in length, and 0.69 ± 0.10 mm in width. Adults are small, females 2.58 ± 0.28 mm and males 2021 ± 0.28 mm in length. Life cycle is 16 -6 26 days. Larvae feed on media, mycelia and fruit bodies. Lalat Bradysia ocellaris Cumstock merupakan hama penting pada pertanaman jamur tiram di Bandung. Telur serangga berbentuk lonjong, berukuran panjang 0,44 ±0,12 mm, lebar 0,26±0,08 mm dan berwarna Bening. Larva berbentuk seperti cacing, tidak bertungkai, berwarna Bening dan kapsul kepala jelas berwarna hitam. Larva terdiri dari empat instar. Pupa obtektat, berukuran panjang 2,40±0,22 mm dan lebar 0,69±0,10 mm dan berwarna kuning coklat. Tipe pupa obtektat. Lalat dewasa berukuran relatif kecil, panjang tubuh dewasa betina 2,58±0,288 mm dan dewasa jantan 2,21±0,28 mm. Siklus hidup 16-26 hari. Larva serangga hidup dengan cara memakan media jamur, miselia dan tubuh buah jamur

Efek Pemberian Pakan Berlebih Berupa Limbah Sayuran Pakcoy terhadap Daya Cerna, Tingkat Penurunan Limbah, dan Kandungan Protein pada Lalat Tentara Hitam (Hermetia Illucens (Linnaeus))

One of the recent organic waste management programs actively developed is organic waste bioconversion by using larvae of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus)). However, one major challenge in organic waste management in Indonesia is the limited space to manage the wastes at waste collection centers. This condition increases the number of wastes to be converted (consumed) by larvae of soldier fly. In this study, the condition was imitated in the laboratory where larvae were individually fed with a large number of wastes. Larvae were divided into 4 groups and were fed with 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/larva/day of rotten vegetable waste (Pakcoy) and were replicated 3 times. Variables observed during the study were the growth rate, consumption capability, level of waste reduction (waste reduction index, WRI), consumption efficiency (efficiency of conversion of digested-feed, ECD), the weight of harvested biomass, and protein content of larvae, pupae, and adults. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the weight of harvested biomass and the amount of substrate provided to larvae (one-way ANOVA, P > 0.05). The increasing amount of substrate reduced the efficiency of waste reduction and consumption (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). This study also showed that the possible upper limit of consumption capability of larvae was 400 mg/larva/day. On the other hand, the increasing amount of substrate increased the protein content of biomass of each developmental stage

Analisis Spasiotemporal Populasi Lalat Sciarid pada Budidaya Jamur Tiram

Sciarid fly (Bradysia ocellaris Comstock) population growth and its distribution in the mushroom house was studied. Insects were collected using sticky yellow traps laid on 21 stations in the house over 18 weeks. At the first time, insects population was low. After that, insect population grew and reached at a maximum level in the 8th week. In subsequent weeks, insect population fluctuated. In the other hand, insect population dispersal also occured in the house. Based on spatiotemporal analysis using contour map and semivariogram analysis, insect population showed aggregation pattern, in a small group is called subpopulation. This was related to biological characters of insect such as eggs oviposition in mass and short flights

Pola kunjungan serangga liar dan efek penambahan koloni Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps Smith pada penyerbukan kabocha (Cucurbita maxima)

Insects hold important role in pollination of many crops. However, studies on pollination in Indonesia could be considered rare. This study focussed on obtaining the basic information of wild pollinators and the effect Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps Smith innundation release to the production and quality of pumpkin (C. maxima) in traditional farming system. Observations were carried out from 07:00 to 15:00 during flowering period for 3 weeks. Sampling area was divided into three plots : open pollination + T. laeviceps (OPT), open pollination (OP), and hand pollination (HP). Pollination was assessed by three main parameters, which were visitation pattern, plant reproductive success, and fruit quality. Visitation pattern was assessed by measuring frequency and duration of pollinator visits, the plant reproductive success by fruit set and number of seed produced; while fruit quality by diameter, weight, and number of fruit produced/plant. We recorded different visitation pattern in which wild pollinator preferred to visit flowers in the morning while T. laeviceps preferred to visit from noon to afternoon. This pattern could be relate to difference in thermal tolerance among pollinators. There were significant differences among fruit set produced in OPT (80%), OP (65%), and HP (38.3%) (F2,35 = 19,907, P = 0,000). Number of seeds and fruit quality produced in OPT and OP much higher than HP while number of fruits produced in OPT significantly higher that OP and HP. Low pollination success in HP showed pollination process in pumpkin highly depend on pollination time. Thus, pollination by bees in pumpkin hard to be replace by human and variation of visit provided by T. laeviceps produce positive effect to pumpkin

Toksisitas beberapa jenis fungisida komersial pada serangga penyerbuk, Trigona (Tetragonula) laeviceps Smith

Salah satu pestisida yang umum digunakan pada sistem perkebunan adalah fungisida. Walaupun spesifik didesain untuk mengatasi serangan cendawan, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungisida memiliki efek neurotoksik terhadap hewan uji. Hal ini memberikan potensi merugikan bagi hewan-hewan non target yang menguntungkan pada sistem pertanian, seperti serangga penyerbuk. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan toksisitas dari fungisida yang beredar di pasaran pada salah satu agen penyerbuk Trigona (Tetrgonula) laeviceps Smith, dengan parameter toksisitas berupa nilai LD50 dan Hazard Quotient (HQ). Fungisida yang diujikan adalah dari golongan triazole (triadimefon dan difenoconazole), golongan propamokarb (propamokarb HCl), dan golongan ditiokarbamat (mankozeb dan propineb). Lebah pencari makanan T. laeviceps dikoleksi dan dianestesi dengan suhu -10 °C selama 1 menit. Sebanyak 1 μl larutan triadimefon, difenoconazole, propamokarb HCl, mankozeb, dan propineb diaplikasikan secara topikal dengan microsyringe di bagian dorsal lebah. Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas 10 individu lebah yang diulangi sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan mortalitas lebah dilakukan 48 jam setelah aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LD50 (48 jam) dan HQ untuk fungisida uji adalah triadimefon 13,43 ±1,78 μg/lebah, HQ = 18,62; difenoconazole 9,25 ± 1,21 μg/lebah, HQ = 27,03; propamokarb HCl 270,45 ±19,48 μg/lebah, HQ = 14,34; mankozeb 3,75±0,47 μg/lebah, HQ = 512; dan propineb 9,71 ±2,20 μg/lebah, HQ = 144,18. Dari kelima fungisida, terdapat dua fungisida yang memiliki toksisitas moderat dan memiliki potensi menyebabkan mortalitas bagi lebah pencari makanan dan merugikan bagi koloni lebah saat aplikasi di lapangan, yaitu mankozeb dan propineb