3 research outputs found
Additional file 1: of Hepatitis B knowledge among key stakeholders in Haimen City, China: Implications for addressing chronic HBV infection
Healthcare provider pre/post-education questionnaire (knowledge questions only); and post-campaign questionnaire (knowledge questions only) for healthcare providers, city residents and chronically infected individuals. (DOCX 23 kb
Median (μg/mg creatinine) value of urine BPA concentrations after urine creatinine correction, by quintiles of Thyroid volume (ml).
<p>Median (μg/mg creatinine) value of urine BPA concentrations after urine creatinine correction, by quintiles of Thyroid volume (ml).</p
Urinary Antibiotics of Pregnant Women in Eastern China and Cumulative Health Risk Assessment
Exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy
can pose a systematic effect on human health. A few biomonitoring
studies have demonstrated an extensive exposure of children to antibiotics,
but there is still a lack of data for pregnant women. To assess the
exposure of pregnant women to antibiotics and potential health risk,
we investigated 536 pregnant women aged 16–42 years from two
geographically different study sites in Eastern China in 2015. We
measured 21 antibiotics of five categories (seven fluoroquinolones,
three phenicols, four tetracyclines, three macrolides, and four sulfonamides)
in urine using the isotope dilution ultraperformance liquid chromatography
coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The hazard
index (HI) was calculated on the basis of estimated daily exposure
dose and acceptable daily intakes. A total of 16 antibiotics were
found in urine, with detection frequencies between 0.2 and 16.0%.
Antibiotics were overall detected in 41.6% of urine, and two or more
antibiotics were detected in 13.1% of urine. Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,
and trimethoprim were most frequently detected in urine, with detection
frequencies between 10 and 20%. The majority of the antibiotics tested
had an estimated daily exposure dose less than 1 μg/kg/day,
and 4.3% of pregnant women had a HI value of more than 1. These findings
indicated that pregnant women were frequently exposed to antibiotics
and some individuals were in the potential risk of adverse microbiological
effects induced by antibiotics