Novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors versus alternative antibiotics for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infection and complicated urinary tract infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

<p><b>Introduction</b>: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of novelBL/BLIs with alternative antibiotics for the treatment of cIAI and cUTI.</p> <p><b>Area covered</b>: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials comparing novel BL/BLIs with other antibiotics for the treatment of cIAI and cUTI. The primary outcome included clinical and microbiological treatment success.</p> <p><b>Expert commentary</b>: We found that novel BL/BLIs obtained a similar clinical outcome with other antibiotics in CE population (OR = 1.07, 95%CI = (0.80, 1.44), P = 0.64). However, novel BL/BLIs had better clinical treatment success in the cUTI subgroup (OR = 2.14, 95%CI = (1.06, 4.31), P = 0.03). Furthermore, novel BL/BLIs achieved significant microbiological treatment success in patie nts with cUTI (OR = 1.70, 95%CI = (1.29, 2.25), P  =  0.0002) and had higher eradication rates for Gram-negative pathogens (OR = 1.82, 95%CI = (1.26, 2.64), P = 0.001) including <i>E.coli</i> and <i>K.pneumoniae</i>. No difference was observed concerning the incidence of mortality and adverse events between the two groups. Therefore, we concluded that novel BL/BLIs are not inferior to other available antibiotics for the treatment of cIAI, and they have advantages in patients with cUTI. Simultaneously, they are sensitive to Gram-negative pathogens, especially for <i>E.coli</i> and <i>K.pneumoniae</i>.</p

Additional file 1 of Mechanism of Smilax china L. in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation

Supplementary Material

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Microglia-derived IL-1β contributes to axon development disorders and synaptic deficit through p38-MAPK signal pathway in septic neonatal rats

The CCK-8 assay (cell counting kit 8) was performed to determine the IL-1β concentration. The viability of neuronal cells was significantly reduced when neurons were treated with IL-1β at a dose exceeding 40 ng/mL. (TIF 820 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Microglia-derived IL-1β contributes to axon development disorders and synaptic deficit through p38-MAPK signal pathway in septic neonatal rats

Apoptosis of neurons in the cortex. The incidence of apoptotic neurons co-labeled by caspase-3 (red) and NeuN (green) did not change markedly at 7 days (A–F), 14 days (G–L), and 28 days (M–R) in the cerebral cortex after LPS injection (D–F, J–L, P–R) when compared with controls (A–C, G–I, M–O). Scale bars: A–R 20μm. (TIF 6590 kb