Researches on vicinal immune responses in canine leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of constant importance as causative microbial agent, maintained by subclinical infections in wild and domestic animals. Currently, for active immunization in dogs is used an inactivated vaccine, produced by specialized companies in different countries. The vast majority are polyvalent vaccines, which include the two leptospire serovars (Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorhagiae) and viral antigens for prevention of infectious hepatitis Rubarht, Carré's disease, coronavirus and parainfluence. Specific immunity induced by this inactivated vaccine, is active, individual, installs in 10 to 21 days after administration, lasting a variable time (4-6 months) and never causes a 100% protection. This paper aims to investigate how this immune response in carnivores and its protection

Determination of bacterial species pathogenicity involved in egg incubation pathology

For 73 bacterial strains, represented by Proteus vulgaris (21 strains), Escherichia coli (29), Staphilococus aureus (29) and Salmonella typhimurium (5), isolated from embryos and chickens dead after hatching, we have determined in vivo pathogenicity. The culture medium incubated for 24 hours was inoculated intraperitoneally in mice. From the 73 bacterial strains, 52 of them (65.77%) proved to be pathogenic, which killed mice, according to the bacterial strain, during 18-72 hours, while 25 strains (34.23%) were not pathogenic. In some bacterial strains without pathogenicity, inoculated in mixture (Proteus vulgaris + Escherichia coli and Proteus + Staphilococcus aureus), we noticed a synergic reaction expressed through pathogenicity in mice

Investigation on the etiology of aviary paratiphosis

The increasing role played by domestic and wild fowls in infecting human food has determined us to carry out a study on the etiology and frequency of paratiphic infections in fowls. A number of 102 fowls were necropsied, of which 43 from the A enterprise and 61 from the B enterprise. In the A enterprise, 18 fowls (43.9%) have been diagnosed positively, in comparison with the B enterprise with 22 positively diagnosed fowls (36.06%). The bacteriological determinations, performed from ovarian follicles, resulted in nine Salmonella enteritidis strains and three Salmonella typhimurium strains, in comparison with liver determination that revealed two (9.07%) Salmonella enteritidis strains and one (4.58%) Salmonella typhimurium strain

Influence of environmental conditions on turtles health kept in captivity

In recent years, turtles have become more and more common as pets, while owners are not properly informed about their care. Thus, the pathology of this species in 90% of cases are caused by neglecting microclimate and nutrition conditions. The requirements of turtles are also according to their type (terrestrial tortoises or aquatic turtles). They need an environment as close as possible to their natural environment, a habitat with temperature, humidity, UV light and food which offer a maximum comfort. This paper aims to underline the importance of the feeding and microclimate conditions on turtle’s welfare and health. The clinical study was performed on turtles (different species: Testudo hermanni hermanni, Emys orbicularis and Trachemys scripta) that were referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Iasi between 2015- 2017. The main disorders noticed were consisting in vitamin and mineral imbalances, oral and ocular lesions, impaired development of the shell. After a careful physical examination which was correlated with turtle`s history given by the owner who described how the turtles are feed and where they are kept, an appropriate therapy has been recommended and adapted according to the symptoms severity (adequate diet, supplements with vitamins and minerals, improvement of microclimate conditions). When owners are respecting the doctor`s indication, the animal`s conditions is visibly improving after 2-3 months. Therefore, the main inconvenient of this long term treatment is the owner`s attitude, who is expecting good results in a short time and in some cases he renounces to follow the recommendations

Considerations regarding gout diagnosis in cage birds

Gout represent a metabolic disease that occurs as complication of nephritis and it is caused by the accumulation of uric acid in various tissues, joints and serous. In cage birds the main causes of gout and nephritis are consisting in excessive nutrition with diets containing increased amount of protein and deficiency in vitamins, especially of A vitamin. The most common cases are seen in older budgerigar and nymphs, as well in those water deprived. The aim of this paper consists in showing suggestive clinical symptoms of this pathology that were identified in cage birds submitted to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi. Following the physical examination, the main clinical signs were consisting in white-greyish uric acid deposits on leg’s skin, which caused deformation of affected joints. The necropsy and histopathology were performed in order to reveal organic lesions and skin and kidney microscopic lesions, respectively. By histopathology was confirmed the occurrence of intracellular acid uric deposits. In kidneys, lesions of total or partial necrosis of urinary tubes were observed. The skin showed areas of hyperkeratosis with a multitude of keratin fibers. Gout treatment is long-lasting, difficult to apply and with low chances of success, mostly depending on lesions severity and on the moment when bird was presented to physician. It is recommended to rebalance the food diet with the introduction of green food, supplementation with A vitamin and specific medication

Lion (Panthera leo) particularities in individuals born and hand reared in captivity

Abstract Considering the fact that evolution of species is driven by habitats and the reproduction is a complex phenomenon interfered or influenced by many factors, a reproduction program for captive carnivores is a changeling and many programs cannot afford experimental failure. Captive carnivores pose a challenge to all institution involved in their conservation, presenting a broad pathology from diseases to poor welfare and breeding problems. Infant mortality is primarily caused by inadequate maternal behavior, either active or passive it can be connected to biological factors as well as to individual traits such origin, if they were wild- caught of captive – born. This is the main reason for research team approach in their reproduction program, hand rearing the infants. The present article presents the challenges faced by research team in their efforts to rear two lion infants, from different conceptions. The litters belonged to Barlad zoo, Vaslui County, from eastern part of Romania. Both parents were born and reared in captivity, donated to the institution during year 2014, at 3years of age, both hand reared by donor. During cubs hand rearing we developed a nutrition plan for optimal development of the infants, exposing ours mistakes has educational purpose for others so they avoid them in future

Lipoma in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) -A case report-

In the past years the cockatiel parrot as pet has risen in number and consequently the pathology related to captivity conditions increased. The present paper describes a lipoma case in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), a female age 5years old with a formation located in left wing, carpal region. Following clinical exam, the 1x1.5cm tumoral formation was identiffid and surgical excision was recomanded. The owner refuzed the surgergical procedure and returned after 2 months with the bird accusing a deteriorated condition and enlarged tumor measureing 2x3cm. After cockatiel death the tumor was examined histopathologically. The final diagnostic was benign tumor well delimitated by surrounding tissues – a lipoma located in subcutaneous tissue from left carpal region

Diagnosis and therapy in feline calicivirosis

Feline infectious respiratory complex may represent a major problem in cat shelters (cattery) since the disease occurs most often in young kittens, before weaning - usually around age 4 to 8 weeks, when the maternal immunity decreases. The source of infection is often the mother cat, which carries the virus and the latent infection has been reactivated during lactation. Therefore, the vaccinations of the mother-cat should be carried out prior to mating. This study was conducted during September 2013 - December 2015 and took place in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Iasi. The research involved a total of 94 cats which were presented to the clinic with suspicion of an infectious disease, of which 76 had respiratory infections and 18 cats were suspected for other infectious diseases. Following the physical examination and establishing the diagnosis, the cats were subjected to a local and general therapy, and according to the severity of symptoms several schemes of therapy were applied. One of the protocols included Virbagen Omega product, a recombinant omega interferon for cats. Antibiotic therapy has been used for the treatment of the secondary bacterial infections, while for viral infections, there was no specific treatment. The animals remain virus carrier and eliminator after passing through the disease. Therapy with interferon may be expensive and lengthy, without guaranteeing advantages. In the shelters with healthy cats, the immunoprophylaxis was applied, according to the schedule recommended by the manufacturer

Observations in a colibacillosis outbreak in pigeons

The research was conducted during 2014-2016 in a racing pigeon loft, which were divided into 3 categories: flying batch, breeding batch and young. The symptoms that occurred were consisting in digestive manifestations such greenish profuse diarrhea, with foul-smelling and dehydration. In order to establish the diagnosis, a physical, a laboratory and a pathological examination has been conducted. An infection with Escherichia coli was confirmed, thereafter, an appropriate treatment was applied according to the antibiotic sensitivity result. The affected pigeons were divided into two batches, while for the each batch was applied a particular treatment plan. Following the specific treatment, for the batch no. 1, the recovery percentage was 65.38 %, while for the batch no. 2 the recovery percentage 46.15%. For the treatment of the batch no.1, the 4 in 1 Mix product was used, which contains a specially designed combination for pigeons which consists in 6 active substances (flumequine, trimethoprim, colistin sulphate, furaltadone, sulfadiazine, ronidazole)