9,414 research outputs found
Methods of resistance estimation in permanent magnet synchronous motors for real-time thermal management
Real-time thermal management of electrical ma- chines relies on sufficiently accurate indicators of internal tem- perature. One indicator of temperature in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the stator winding resistance. Detection of PMSM winding resistance in the literature has been made on machines with relatively high resistances, where the resistive voltage vector is significant under load. This paper describes two techniques which can be applied to detect the winding resistance, through âFixed Angleâ and âFixed Mag- nitudeâ current injection. Two further methods are described which discriminate injected current and voltages from motoring currents and voltages: âUnipolarâ and âBipolarâ separation. These enable the resistance to be determined, and hence the winding temperature in permanent-magnet machines. These methods can be applied under load, and in a manner that does not disturb motor torque or speed. The method distinguishes between changes in the electro-motive force (EMF) constant and the resistive voltage. This paper introduces the techniques, whilst a companion paper covers the application of one of the methods to a PMSM drive system
Homoeopathy
Homoeopathy is a system of treating patients
using very low dose preparations according
to the principle: "like should be cured with
like". This paper summarises the research evidence
presented in a recent issue of Effective Health
Care on the effectiveness of homoeopathy.
Increasing numbers of patients are seeking
information on complementary medicines from
NHS health professionals. Results of a 1998 survey
of use and expenditure on complementary
medicine in England suggested that 28% of
respondents had either visited a complementary
therapist or had purchased an over the counter
herbal or homoeopathic remedy in the past year.
From this survey it was estimated that there
could be over 470 000 recent users of homoeopathic
remedies in England
The Status of a PA Endangered Bird- the Upland Sandpiper
The upland sandpiper (Bartramia Longuardia) has experienced a steep population decline in the northeastern U.S. since the mid-20th Century. In Pennsylvania it was found in less than 0.5% of atlas blocks during the Second Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania project (2nd PBBA; 2004-09) and breeding was confirmed at only two locations. Due to continued declines and a small population size, the upland sandpiper was listed as PA endangered in 2012. During May 2012 the areas around 15 2nd PBBA upland sandpiper sightings were resurveyed by Gettysburg College students and volunteer birdwatchers. The aim was to establish whether the atlas records related to persisting populations. We used five-minute audio playback at up to 10 locations within 4km of the atlas sightings. A maximum of 19 pairs/calling male upland sandpipers were found across the state in 2012, most of them on or close to reclaimed surface mines. However, locating such a scarce species can be problematic, and it is still not known to what extent the species is under-reported. To help direct future surveys we analyzed data from the 2nd PBBA and the 2012 survey to produce a habitat suitability model for the upland sandpiper in Pennsylvania. We used a GIS framework to determine areas of suitable habitat and then stratified these by proximity to recent (2004-2012) upland sandpiper sightings. We recommend that our suitability model be used to establish a sampling protocol for more thorough statewide upland sandpiper survey every five years, in order that the speciesâ precarious status can be closely monitored
A Jeziorski-Monkhorst fully uncontracted Multi-Reference perturbative treatment I: principles, second-order versions and tests on ground state potential energy curves
The present paper introduces a new multi-reference perturbation approach
developed at second order, based on a Jeziorsky-Mokhorst expansion using
individual Slater determinants as perturbers. Thanks to this choice of
perturbers, an effective Hamiltonian may be built, allowing for the dressing of
the Hamiltonian matrix within the reference space, assumed here to be a CAS-CI.
Such a formulation accounts then for the coupling between the static and
dynamic correlation effects. With our new definition of zeroth-order energies,
these two approaches are strictly size-extensive provided that local orbitals
are used, as numerically illustrated here and formally demonstrated in the
appendix. Also, the present formalism allows for the factorization of all
double excitation operators, just as in internally contracted approaches,
strongly reducing the computational cost of these two approaches with respect
to other determinant-based perturbation theories. The accuracy of these methods
has been investigated on ground-state potential curves up to full dissociation
limits for a set of six molecules involving single, double and triple bond
breaking. The spectroscopic constants obtained with the present methods are
found to be in very good agreement with the full configuration interaction
(FCI) results. As the present formalism does not use any parameter or
numerically unstable operation, the curves obtained with the two methods are
smooth all along the dissociation path.Comment: 4 figures, 18 page
From crystal to structure with CCP4
An introduction to the proceedings of the CCP4 study weekend is given
Resistance estimation for temperature determination in PMSMs through signal injection
Real-time thermal management of electrical machines relies on sufficiently accurate indicators of temperature within a machine. One indicator of temperature in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the stator winding resistance. Detection of PMSM winding resistance in the literature has been made on machines with relatively high resistances, where the resistive voltage vector is significant under load. This paper describes a technique applied to sense the winding resistance where the resistance is low and hence the resistive is voltage difficult to detect. A current injection method is applied which enables the resistance to be determined, and hence the winding temperature in non-salient machines. This method can be applied under load, and in a manner that does not disturb shaft torque, or speed. The method is able to distinguish between changes in the electro-motive force (EMF) constant and the resistive voltage. Simulated results on an experimentally verified model illustrate the effectiveness of this approac
Spider Stimuli Improve Response Inhibition
Anxiety can have positive effects on some aspects of cognition and negative effects on others. The current study investigated whether task-relevant anxiety could improve peo- pleâs ability to withhold responses in a response inhibition task. Sixty-seven university stu- dents completed a modified and an unmodified version of the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART; Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, & Yiend, 1997) and provided subjective measures of arousal and thoughts. Anxiety appeared to improve participantsâ ability to withhold responses. Further, participantsâ performance was consistent with a motor response inhibition perspective rather than a mind-wandering perspective of SART commission error performance. Errors of commission were associated with response times (speed-accuracy trade-off) as opposed to task-unrelated thoughts. Task-related thoughts were associated with the speed-accuracy trade-off. Conversely task-unrelated thoughts showed an association with errors of omission, suggesting this SART metric could be an indicator of sustained attention. Further investigation of the role of thoughts in the SART is warranted
Transition of free convection flow inside an inclined parallel walled channel: effects of inclination angle and width of the channel
Transition of free convection flow in an inclined parallel walled channel has been investigated numerically by employing kâÉ turbulent model. Particular attention is paid on how the inclination angle and width of the channel affect the transition process of the flow developing in the channel. The upper plate of the channel is heated isothermally and facing downward, while the lower one is kept under the adiabatic condition. The inclination angle of the channel is varied from 0° to 85° with respect to its vertical position while the distance separating the two plates is systematically reduced from 0.45 to 0.06 m. Distributions of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and local heat flux are presented to examine the critical distance and the results obtained show good agreement with experimental data available in the literature
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