PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH DENGAN MEDIA FLASH CARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V MI IRSYADUT THOLIBIN TUGU REJOTANGAN TULUNGAGUNG

ABSTRAK Skripsi dengan judul “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match Dengan Media Flash Card Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris Peserta Didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin Tugu Rejotangan Tulungagung”ini ditulis oleh Sufiya, Ulfa Ayu Ainin NIM. 2817133194, Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Tulungagung, yang dibimbing oleh Bapak Dr. Susanto, M.Pd. Kata Kunci: Make A Match, Flash Card, Hasil Belajar, Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung. Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal permasalahan tersebut disebabkan oleh penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang kurang bervariatif bagi peserta didik, sehingga peserta didik menjadi lebih cepat bosan dan kurang aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Tentu saja hal tersebut menyebabkan hasil belajar peserta didik yang rendah. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris pokok bahasan Shapes Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung? 2) Bagaimana peningkatan keaktifan pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris materi Shapes melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card pada peserta didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung? 3) Bagaimana peningkatan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris materi Shapes melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card pada peserta didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Rejotangan Tulungagung? Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan tes, wawancara, observasi, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Tes digunakan untuk menggali data tentang hasil belajar peserta didik. Sedangkan observasi, wawancara, dan catatan lapangan digunakan untuk menggali data tentang proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, respon peserta didik, keadaan peserta didik dan guru serta keaktifan peserta didik. Analisis data yang digunakan mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Akhirnya dalam refleksi I dan II data yang terkumpul dianalisis untuk mengetahui apakah indikator yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya sudah dipenuhi apa tidak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match yang dikembangkan dengan media Flash Card dengan langkah-langkahnya dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Keaktifan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris meningkat dari Siklus I ke Siklus II yaitu pada Siklus I keaktifan peserta didik mencapai taraf keberhasilan 80% dengan kriteria baik dan pada Siklus II keaktifan peserta didik mencapai taraf keberhasilan 95% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Sedangkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik meningkatkan, yaitu pada Pre Test rata-rata peserta didik yaitu 44,37 dengan ketuntasan belajar 4,17%, meningkat pada Siklus I rata- rata peserta didik 74,37 dengan ketuntasan belajar pada Siklus I 70,83%. Hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat pada Siklus II yaitu dengan rata-rata 96 dengan ketuntasan belajar 100%. Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match dengan media Flash Card dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik Kelas V MI Irsyadut Tholibin, Tugu Rejotangan Tulungagung

Smoking, Antioxidant Supplementation and Dietary Intakes among Older Adults with Age-Related Macular Degeneration over 10 Years

<div><p>We aimed to compare the micronutrient usage and other lifestyle behaviors over 10 years among those with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 1612 participants aged 49+ years at baseline were re-examined over 10 years, west of Sydney, Australia. AMD was assessed from retinal photographs. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Smoking status was self-reported. 56 participants had any AMD at baseline, of these 25% quit smoking at 5 years and were still not smoking at 10-year follow-up. Among participants who had below the recommended intake of vitamins A, C or E supplements at baseline, those who did compared to those who did not develop late AMD over 10 years were more likely to report vitamins A (total), C or E supplement intake above the recommended intake at 10-year follow-up: multivariable-adjusted OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.65-10.73); OR 6.52 (95% CI 2.76-15.41); and OR 5.71 (95% CI 2.42-13.51), respectively. Participants with compared to without AMD did not appreciably increase fish, fruit and vegetable consumption and overall diet quality. Adherence to smoking and dietary recommendations was poor among older adults with AMD. However, uptake of antioxidant supplements increased significantly among those with late AMD.</p></div

Association between cumulative cases of AMD and increase in consumption of fruits, vegetables (in g/day), and fish over 10 years in the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

<p>^a At or above recommended vegetable intake at BMES-3 defined as ≥375 g/day (five 75 gram serves per day) and lower intake at BMES-1 as <375 g/day</p><p>^b At or above recommended fruit intake at BMES-3 defined as ≥300 g (two 150 gram serves per day) and low intake at BMES-1 as <300 g</p><p>^c At or above recommended fish consumption at BMES-3 defined as ≥28.5 g/day (two 100 gram serves per day) and low consumption at BMES-1 as <28.5 g/day</p><p>Association between cumulative cases of AMD and increase in consumption of fruits, vegetables (in g/day), and fish over 10 years in the Blue Mountains Eye Study.</p

Association between cumulative AMD and incident antioxidant supplement usage over 10 years ^a in the Blue Mountains Eye Study, presented as adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

<p>^a Analyses included participants who were below the recommended daily intake for vitamins A, C, or E or β-carotene, and/or zinc at baseline.</p><p>^b Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education, BMI, and receipt of pension</p><p>^c Total Vitamin A in μg retinol equivalents = retinol micrograms + (beta-carotene μg / 6)</p><p>^d Cumulative cases of early or late AMD over the 10-year follow-up</p><p>Association between cumulative AMD and incident antioxidant supplement usage over 10 years <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0122548#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> in the Blue Mountains Eye Study, presented as adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p

Study characteristics of participants stratified by AMD status at baseline who were followed up at the 10-year follow up in 2007–9 Blue Mountains Eye Study.

<p>Data are presented as n (%) or mean (SD)</p><p>Study characteristics of participants stratified by AMD status at baseline who were followed up at the 10-year follow up in 2007–9 Blue Mountains Eye Study.</p

Blood components and unadjusted retinal arteriolar and venular calibers.

<p>M refers to Men, W refers to Women. Q1–5 refers to quintiles. SD to standard deviation.</p

Included and excluded participants.

<p>Numbers are means (standard deviations) or %.</p

Measurement of retinal arterioles (red lines) and venules (blue lines) passing through a region between ½ to 1 disc diameters from the optic disc margin.

<p>Measurement of retinal arterioles (red lines) and venules (blue lines) passing through a region between ½ to 1 disc diameters from the optic disc margin.</p

Multivariable adjusted arteriolar and venular calibers.

<p>Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 adjusted for variables in Model 1 and systolic blood pressure, diabetes, smoking; Model 3 adjusted for variables in model 2 and either venular or arteriolar caliber.</p><p>P values are for trend.</p><p>* per quintile increase in blood count component.</p><p>** for blood count component in the given model.</p

All-cause mortality (over 10 years) in participants with bilateral hearing impairment and presenting visual impairment in the Blue Mountains Eye Study from 1997 to 2007 (n = 2806).

a<p>Adjusted for age and sex.</p>b<p>Further adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, current smoking status, poor self-rated health, walking disability, presence of hypertension and/or diabetes, history of cancer, angina, stroke and/or acute myocardial infarction and cognitive impairment.</p