Additional file 1 of PeTTSy: a computational tool for perturbation analysis of complex systems biology models

This PDF includes the derivation of period derivatives, phase derivatives, phase infinitesimal response curves and describes the projection of the solution derivative onto rotational and amplitude variations (for the Amplitude/Phase Derivatives Scatterplot)

Magnetic Lyogels for Uranium Recovery from Wet Phosphoric Acid

The work introduces composite magnetic materials designed to capture uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) containing 6 M H₃PO₄, 2% H₂SO₄, sodium fluoride, and metal salts of Fe­(III) and Al­(III). The materials include poly­(vinyl chloride) (PVC) covalently modified with N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) or O,O-diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) moieties by nucleophilic substitution of the >C–Cl bonds of PVC. To maintain the polymer processability, the maximum substitution degree was kept below 42%. The modified PVC formed stable organic gel (lyogel) materials with liquid uranium extractants such as di­(2-ethylhexyl)­phosphoric acid (DEHPA) or a liquid mixture of trialkylphosphine oxides, Cyanex 923. To impart the magnetic recoverability to the lyogels, iron nanoparticles (20–50 nm) coated by carbon for chemical stability were incorporated. The resulting magnetic lyogels contain variable contents of liquid extractants, maintain particle shape, exhibit very low leaching of the extractants, and are chemically stable in extremely corrosive acidic environments. Kinetics of uranium capture and equilibrium sorption capabilities of the magnetic lyogels have been evaluated. The lyogels are readily recovered by a magnet and recycled without any loss of the material. Efficient uranium stripping from the lyogels is enabled by 1 M aqueous ammonium carbonate. Lyogel recyclability and reuse were demonstrated in at least three cycles of the uranium loading and recovery

CO₂‑Responsive Microemulsions Based on Reactive Ionic Liquids

We demonstrate that the nanodomains within a ternary system consisting of oil, surfactant, and a new reactive ionic liquid can be tuned reversibly upon exposure to and removal of CO₂ under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. The equilibrium microstructures of these domains have been characterized by small-angle neutron scattering and demonstrate that control over emulsion morphology (and therefore physicochemical properties such as viscosity) and the breaking of emulsions can be achieved without the need for irreversible changes in system composition or significant energy input

Additional file 1: of Working with public contributors to improve the patient experience at the Manchester Clinical Research Facility: an evaluation of the Experience Based Design approach

Appendix 1. AQUA template for an experience questionnaire. Appendix 2. AQUA observation guide. Appendix 3. Evaluation questionnaire. (DOC 80 kb

Growth of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Monitored by Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Since the first development of surfactant-templated mesoporous silicas, the underlying mechanisms behind the formation of their structures have been under debate. Here, for the first time, time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (tr-SANS) is applied to study the complete formation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. A distinct advantage of this technique is the ability to detect contributions from the whole system, enabling the visualization not only of particle genesis and growth but also the concurrent changes to the coexistent micelle population. In addition, using contrast-matching tr-SANS, it is possible to highlight the individual contributions from the silica and surfactant. An analysis of the data agrees well with the previously proposed “current bun” model describing particle growth: Condensing silica oligomers adsorb to micelles, reducing intermicellar repulsion and resulting in aggregation to form initial particle nuclei. From this point, the growth occurs in a cooperative manner, with condensing silica filling the gaps between further aggregating micelles. The mechanistic results are discussed with respect to different reaction conditions by changing either the concentration of the silica precursor or the temperature. In doing so the importance of in situ techniques is highlighted, in particular, tr-SANS, for mechanism elucidation in the broad field of materials science

Magnetic Surfactants and Polymers with Gadolinium Counterions for Protein Separations

New magnetic surfactants, (cationic hexadecyltrimethlyammonium bromotrichlorogadolinate (CTAG), decyltrimethylammonium bromotrichlorogadolinate (DTAG), and a magnetic polymer (poly­(3-acrylamidopropyl)­trimethylammonium tetrachlorogadolinate (APTAG)) have been synthesized by the simple mixing of the corresponding surfactants and polymer with gadolinium metal ions. A magnetic anionic surfactant, gadolinium tri­(1,4-bis­(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate) (Gd­(AOT)₃), was synthesized via metathesis. Both routes enable facile preparation of magnetically responsive magnetic polymers and surfactants without the need to rely on nanocomposites or organic frameworks with polyradicals. Electrical conductivity, surface tensiometry, SQUID magnetometry, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) demonstrate surface activity and self-aggregation behavior of the magnetic surfactants similar to their magnetically inert parent analogues but with added magnetic properties. The binding of the magnetic surfactants to proteins enables efficient separations under low-strength (0.33 T) magnetic fields in a new, nanoparticle-free approach to magnetophoretic protein separations and extractions. Importantly, the toxicity of the magnetic surfactants and polymers is, in some cases, lower than that of their halide analogues

Properties of New Magnetic Surfactants

This Article describes the synthesis and detailed characterization of a new set of magnetic surfactants containing lanthanide metal counterions. SQUID magnetometry has been used to elucidate the magnetic phase behavior, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) provides evidence of micellar aggregation in aqueous media. This study also reveals that for cationic surfactants in aqueous systems there appears to be no significant increase in magnetic susceptibility after micellization

MOESM2 of Detection of PrPBSE and prion infectivity in the ileal Peyer’s patch of young calves as early as 2 months after oral challenge with classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Additional file 2. Results of PMCA analyses of the ileal Peyer’s patch samples for the rest of calves. The quantity of PrPBSE detectable by PMCA was observed to correlate with the time point after infection. All analyte tissue samples were analysed in duplicate and subjected to three rounds of PMCA. M: marker, R0: analyte homogenate diluted 1:10 in Tgbov XV brain substrate without sonication

MOESM1 of Detection of PrPBSE and prion infectivity in the ileal Peyer’s patch of young calves as early as 2 months after oral challenge with classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Additional file 1. PrP BSE accumulation in the obex and ileal Peyer’s patch of positive control cattle. WAIT 01 showed moderate and WAIT 04 intense PrPBSE accumulation in the brainstem. PrPBSE was present in the follicles of both animals ileal Peyer’s patches (IPP) as well as in enteric nervous system (ENS) of the IPP of WAIT 01. A: moderate fine to coarse granular PrPBSE accumulation in the neuropil and in the cytoplasm of neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) in the obex of WAIT 01 (36 mpi), bar 50 µm; B: intense extra- and intracellular coarse granular staining reaction in the neuropil and neurons of the DMNV of WAIT 04 (35 mpi), bar 50 µm; C: net-like staining reaction in an IPP follicle of WAIT 01, bar 50 µm; D: neuron of the myenteric plexus of the ENS with intracytoplasmatic staining reaction, bar 20 µm, WAIT 01 (36 mpi); E: coarse granular PrPBSE accumulation in an IPP follicle of WAIT 04, bar 50 µm; A – E: Immunohistochemistry, PrP mab 6C2; F: PrPBSE amplification by PMCA in the IPP of WAIT 01; G: PMCA results for IPP of WAIT 04; F- G: M: marker, R0: analyte homogenate diluted 1:10 in Tgbov XV brain substrate without sonication

Anionic Surfactant Ionic Liquids with 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Cations: Characterization and Application

For the first time a series of anionic surfactant ionic liquids (SAILs) has been synthesized based on organic surfactant anions and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cations. These compounds are more environmentally friendly and chemically tunable as compared to other common ionic liquids. A detailed investigation of physicochemical properties highlights potential applications from battery design to reaction control, and studies into aqueous aggregation behavior, as well as structuring in pure ILs, point to possible uses in electrochemistry