Tunneling into a Fractional Quantum Hall System and the Infrared Catastrophe

We calculate the tunneling density of states of a two-dimensional interacting electron gas in a quantizing magnetic field. We show that the observed pseudogap in the density of states can be understood as the result of an infrared catastrophe in a noninteracting electron model. This catastrophe stems from the response of an electronic system to the potential produced by the abruptly added charge during a tunneling event. Our formalism can be applied at any filling factor without the use of Chern-Simons or composite fermion theory

Creating Momentum: The Atlantic Philanthropies' Investments to Repeal the Death Penalty in the United States

The Atlantic Philanthropies invested about $60 million between 2004 and 2016 to support efforts to repeal the death penalty in the United States. To assess the effectiveness of this work and to generate lessons for human rights activists and other funders involved in the repeal movement, the foundation commissioned this evaluation. The findings contained in this report are the result of extensive documentation review as well as interviews with foundation and grantee board and staff

Changing Stakeholder Needs and Changing Evaluator Roles: The Central Valley Partnership of the James Irvine Foundation

This case study describes the evolution of the evaluator's role as the program evolved and developed, and as the needs of the client and intended users changed over time. The initiative aimed to assist immigrants in California's Central Valley. The case illustrates important tensions among accountability, learning and capacity building purposes of evaluation

Ozonation of Secondary Effluent for Color Removal

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various ozone concentrations when applied to secondary kraft effluent in regards to color removal. The influence of effluent temperature upon the color removal capabilities of ozone was also investigated to determine the optimal ozone reaction temperature or the temperature which would result in the greatest color reduction at a given ozone concentration. The study was conducted by injecting ozone at three different concentrations of 20, 30 and 40 mg/liter into a temperature controlled column of secondary kraft effluent obtained from S.D. Warren Company in Muskegon, Michigan. The temperature was adjusted to maintain levels of 70, 80, and 90°F (±2°F). This resulted in nine separate runs of various ozone concentrations and temperature combinations. These runs were evaluated in terms of spectroscopic adsorption using the Perkin-Elmer UV-VIS spectrophotometer. This study indicated that increasing levels of ozone addition cause greater color removal, but at a decreasing rate. In every case, the greatest color removal was obtained with an addition of 40 mg/liter. Also, effluent temperature had an effect on the color removal efficiency of ozone. The maximum efficiency was obtained at a temperature of 80°F