A Fistful of Polemoniaceae: New Names and Combinations

New taxa, names, and combinations are provided for five genera in Polemoniaceae: Dayia, Giliastrum, Leptosiphon, Linanthus, and Loeselia. Combinations include the transfer to Dayia of two species formerly included in Ipomopsis and one in Bryantiella (Dayia glutinosa, D. havardii, and D. sonorae), as well as the return of Giliastrum stewartii to species rank. A new name is offered for Linanthus aureus when transferred into Leptosiphon: Leptosiphon chrysanthus and its subspecies, L. chrysanthus subsp. decorus. New combinations for infraspecific taxa are made available for Linanthus californicus (subspp. glandulosus and tomentosus) and L. pungens (subspp. hookeri, pulchriflorus, and hallii). New subspecies are described for Linanthus bigelovii (subsp. johnsonii), L. dichotomus (subsp. pattersonii), L. maculatus (subsp. emaculatus), L. watsonii (subspp. laccolithicus and dolomiticus), and Loeselia glandulosa (subsp. sonorae). Linanthus maricopensis is described as new. In addition, 10 lectotypes are designated, associated with Dayia, Leptosiphon, and Linanthus

A Note from the Editor

A Note from the Edito

Exploring the Geographies of Food, Fermentation, and Drink

Food is inherently geographic. So many of us enjoy the notion of eating locally with the farm to table movement, yet simultaneously relish in globalization that allows for ingredients from far off lands to exist on the shelves of our local grocery store. Food is in many ways a geographical construct, as it provides a sense of place by embodying the use of ingredients and flavors to communities and locales, social interactions, spatial experiences, and place identities. In many ways, food is embedded into the historical, economic, cultural, and political fabrics of society (Atkins and Bowler 2016)

Volume 65-1 Complete Issue

Volume 65-1 Complete Issu

Cover and Forewords

Cover and Foreword

Modern Migration in Ghana and Mali: A Comparison of Urban Migration Patterns

West Africa has a long tradition of human migration. Since the era of European colonization and during the twentieth century much of this migration has been rural to urban. This paper analyzes statistical data, observations, and interviews to compare the impacts of this migration on the cities of Bamako, Mali and Accra, Ghana. This analysis supports the conclusions that rural to urban migration in Ghana has resulted in the creation of an urban subsistence existence and an increased number of people participating in the informal sector of the economy. It further shows that when compared with Ghana, internal migration patterns and factors in Mali have resulted in much less growth in the urban population and informal sector of the economy. It appears that the people of Mali continue to prefer to engage in subsistence agriculture rather than to shift to a subsistence urban existence

10 Miles from a Brewery: Population Demographics and Beer Consumption Patterns in the United States

The number of craft breweries in the United States has increased dramatically in the last few decades, with the Brewers Association (2021a) recognizing that “more than 80 percent of Americans live within 10 miles of a brewery.” However, little is known about the population geographies within – as well as outside of – these 10-mile buffers surrounding breweries. Using 10-mile drive distance polygons, various demographics and beer consumption patterns were established at both national (U.S.) and regional levels. Results validate the Brewers Association’s pronouncement at the national level but showcase unique regional patterns in population, median household economics, and beer consumption

Application of Sinboron Fibrous Monoliths for Air Breathing Engine Applications

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76640/1/AIAA-2005-3646-549.pd

Annular Engine Development Status

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106479/1/AIAA2013-3892.pd

Development Status of High-Thrust Density Electrostatic Engines

Ion thruster technology offers the highest performance and efficiency of any mature electric propulsion thruster. It has by far the highest demonstrated total impulse of any technology option, demonstrated at input power levels appropriate for primary propulsion. It has also been successfully implemented for primary propulsion in both geocentric and heliocentric environments, with excellent ground/in-space correlation of both its performance and life. Based on these attributes there is compelling reasoning to continue the development of this technology: it is a leading candidate for high power applications; and it provides risk reduction for as-yet unproven alternatives. As such it is important that the operational limitations of ion thruster technology be critically examined and in particular for its application to primary propulsion its capabilities relative to thrust the density and thrust-to-power ratio be understood. This publication briefly addresses some of the considerations relative to achieving high thrust density and maximizing thrust-to-power ratio with ion thruster technology, and discusses the status of development work in this area being executed under a collaborative effort among NASA Glenn Research Center, the Aerospace Corporation, and the University of Michigan