Analysis on the effect of the mobility of combustion vehicles in the environment of cities and the improvement in air pollution in Europe: A vision for the awareness of citizens and policy makers

[EN] Today, the design and remodeling of urban environments is being sought in order to achieve green, healthy, and sustainable cities. The effect of air pollution in cities due to vehicle combustion gases is an important part of the problem. Due to the indirect effect caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, political powers in Europe have imposed confinement measures for citizens by imposing movement restrictions in large cities. This indirect measure has given us a laboratory to show how the reduction in vehicle circulation affects in a short time the levels of air pollution in cities. Therefore, this article analyzes the effect in different European cities such as Milan, Prague, Madrid, Paris, and London. These cities have been chosen due to their large amount of daily road traffic that generates high levels of pollution; therefore, it can clearly show the fall in these pollutants in the air in the analyzed period. The results shown through this study indicate that the reduction in combustion vehicles greatly affects the levels of pollution in different cities. In these periods of confinement, there was an improvement in air quality where pollutant values dropped to 80% compared to the previous year. This should serve to raise awareness among citizens and political powers to adopt measures that induce sustainable transport systemsWe would like to give thanks to the materials technology institute (ITM) of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain for supporting this researchCárcel-Carrasco, J.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Salas Vicente, F. (2021). Analysis on the effect of the mobility of combustion vehicles in the environment of cities and the improvement in air pollution in Europe: A vision for the awareness of citizens and policy makers. Land. 10(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020184S11610

Improve the Energy Efficiency of the cooling system by slide regulation the capacity of refrigerator compressors

[EN] A fundamental part of the electric consumption of the main industries of the food sector comes from the refrigeration production, needed in all production phases. Therefore, every measure that aims to optimize the electric consumption and increase the efficiency of centralized industrial refrigeration systems will help the energetic waste of the company, improving reliability and maintenance. Acting on the regulation of capacity of power compressors used can be a good way to save energy. This article shows a case studied by the authors in an industrial company in the meat industry in Spain, where the refrigeration systems have a great importance in the productive process. It displays the methodology used, the description of the taken actions and the results obtained. These combined measures brought about an improvement, with an energetic saving value reaching 400 MWh per year, leading to an equivalent in CO2 emission reduction of 147.9 tons.Cárcel-Carrasco, J.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Salas Vicente, F. (2021). Improve the Energy Efficiency of the cooling system by slide regulation the capacity of refrigerator compressors. Applied Sciences. 11(5):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052019S11311

An Analysis of the Weldability of Ductile Cast Iron Using Inconel 625 for the Root Weld and Electrodes Coated in 97.6% Nickel for the Filler Welds

This article examines the weldability of ductile cast iron when the root weld is applied with a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process employing an Inconel 625 source rod, and when the filler welds are applied with electrodes coated with 97.6% Ni. The welds were performed on ductile cast iron specimen test plates sized 300 mm × 90 mm × 10 mm with edges tapered at angles of 60°. The plates were subjected to two heat treatments. This article analyzes the influence on weldability of the various types of electrodes and the effect of preheat treatments. Finally, a microstructure analysis is made of the material next to the weld in the metal-weld interface and in the weld itself. The microstructure produced is correlated with the strength of the welds. We treat an alloy with 97.6% Ni, which prevents the formation of carbides. With a heat treatment at 900 °C and 97.6% Ni, there is a dissolution of all carbides, forming nodules in ferritic matrix graphite.Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Pérez Puig, MA.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Pascual Martínez, R. (2016). An Analysis of the Weldability of Ductile Cast Iron Using Inconel 625 for the Root Weld and Electrodes Coated in 97.6% Nickel for the Filler Welds. Metals. 6(11):1-14. doi:10.3390/met6110283S11461

Tribological study of FeCuCrgraphite alloy and cast iron railway brake shoes

[EN] A new class of materials is being installed in railway brake blocks to substitute classic cast iron in order to reduce the rolling noise produced by the roughness of the tread-wheel surface. The tribological properties of cast iron and Fe-Cu-Cr-graphite sintered alloy brake shoes were analyzed. Kinetic friction coefficient (mu) and wear were monitored by means of a pin-on-disc technique. The sintered alloy brake showed an increase in mu at higher braking velocities while the cast iron brake exhibited a decrease in mu. Wear was greater on the sintered alloy, explained by its low shear strength which decreased due to its low thermal conductivity. The roughness produced by the sintered brake shoes in wheel-tread surface was 10 times lower than that produced by cast iron. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ferrer Giménez, C.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Busquets Mataix, DJ.; Rayón, E. (2010). Tribological study of FeCuCrgraphite alloy and cast iron railway brake shoes. Wear. 268(5):784-789. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2009.12.014S784789268

An Overview about the Current Situation on C&D Waste Management in Italy: Achievements and Challenges

[EN] The disposal volume of material for Construction and Demolition in Europe is increasing each year, that the European Union has decided to take control of the matter unifying practices and goals to achieve. This article analyses how waste management works in Italy adjusting its system to the European Union, regarding Construction and Demolition, taking into consideration the disposal of material coming from C&D (Construction and Demolition) production. In Italy, the disposition may differ according to the regions in which it is divided, and this must be taken into consideration when analysing information that reflects the different logistical aspect linked to the territory. It is also necessary to consider how the volume of waste can vary according to the size of the region considered and the type of industrial development to which it belongs. The analysis of the Italian situation shows their achievements regarding reaching a good level of recycling waste volume; indeed, their amount of C&D recycled waste after 2010 was always up to the 70% value established by the European Union, though barriers are still present in the field of waste management. Through data collecting, it has been seen the different volume that is generated in construction-related activities in the country, along with the recovered waste volume. Thus, the goal of this paper is to deepen the general knowledge on waste produced by Construction and Demolition in Italy and waste management practices adopted according to the European Union.This work was carried out at the Universitat Politècnica de València in the framework of CONDEREFF project (Ref. PGI05560-CONDEREFF).Cárcel-Carrasco, J.; Peñalvo-López, E.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Salas Vicente, F. (2021). An Overview about the Current Situation on C&D Waste Management in Italy: Achievements and Challenges. Buildings. 11(7):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070284S11211

Weldability of ductile cast iron using AISI-316L stainless steel ER rod

[EN] This paper analyzes the corrosion resistance and the mechanical and microstructural properties of a welded joint of ductile cast iron using AISI316L stainless steel as filler material and three different heat treatments: preheating at 250 and 450 ºC and a post-weld annealing treatment. The results show the presence of ledeburite at the interface between the weld bead and the heat affected zone and at the root pass, along with a loss of strength and ductility when the welding coupons are preheated. An annealing does not eliminate the presence of ledeburite and leads to a massive precipitation of chromium carbides at the areas of the weld bead where dilution is higher. Corrosion rate was lower for the annealed coupon, but in that case, the corrosion of the weld bead increases due to the precipitation of chromium carbides[ES] Soldabilidad de la fundición dúctil usando aporte de acero inoxidable. Este trabajo analiza la resistencia a la corrosión y las propiedades mecánicas y microestructurales de una unión soldada de fundición dúctil cuando se usa acero inoxidable AISI-316L como material de aporte y tres tratamientos térmicos distintos: precalentamiento a 250 y 450 ºC y un recocido post-soldeo. Los resultados muestran presencia de ledeburita en la interfase y entre la soldadura y la zona afectada por el calor y en la pasada de raíz, además de una pérdida de ductilidad cuando los cupones de soldadura se precalientan. Un recocido no elimina la presencia de ledeburita y lleva a una precipitación masiva de carburos en las zonas de la soldadura donde la dilución es mayor. La velocidad de corrosión fue menor en la unión recocida, pero en ese caso, la corrosión del cordón aumentó debido a la precipitación de carburos de cromoCárcel-Carrasco, J.; Salas Vicente, F.; Martínez-Corral, A.; Pascual Guillamón, M. (2022). Weldability of ductile cast iron using AISI-316L stainless steel ER rod. Revista de Metalurgia. 58(3):1-7. https://doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2241758

Comparative study of tig and smaw root welding passes on ductile iron cast weldability

[EN] This work compares the weldability of ductile iron when: (I) a root weld is applied with a tungsten inert gas (TIG) process using an Inconel 625 source rod and filler welds are subsequently applied using coated electrodes with 97,6 %Ni; and (II) welds on ductile iron exclusively made using the manual shielded metal arc welding technique (SMAW). Both types of welds are performed on ductile iron specimen test plates that are subjected to preheat and post-weld annealing treatments. Samples with TIG root-welding pass shown higher hardness but slightly lower ductility and strength. Both types of welding achieved better ductile and strength properties than ones found in literature.Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Pérez Puig, MA.; Segovia-López, F. (2017). Comparative study of tig and smaw root welding passes on ductile iron cast weldability. METALURGIJA. 56(1-2):91-93. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/102690S9193561-

Elementos del conocimiento en la ingeniería del mantenimiento industrial. Final

[ES] Todas las opciones tácticas en la ingeniería del mantenimiento industrial requieren una gran especialización, una adecuada gestión de la información, experiencia y del conocimiento generado, que implica el grado de eficiencia del propio departamento de mantenimiento, y con ello, la funcionalidad de los equipos e instalaciones, que hacen aumentar la productividad o el servicio a prestar por la propia empresa. En este artículo se analizan los elementos de la gestión y transferencia del conocimiento que están implícitos en las opciones tácticas básicas en la ingeniería del mantenimiento industrial.Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Grau Carrión, J.; Pascual Guillamón, M. (2016). Elementos del conocimiento en la ingeniería del mantenimiento industrial. Final. Mantenimiento en Latinoamérica. 8(1):9-14. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/102626S9148