Possibilities to improve soil physical properties in garlic cultivation with cover crops as living mulches

[EN] The cultivation system with cover crops as living mulches is growing in importance in the worldwide agriculture as it combines an economical effect with pro-ecological and soil protecting activities. The plant species tested in the research were not frost resistant: buckwheat, millet, white mustard and berseem clover. A control were the plots without cover crops. The intercrops were sown in the first decade of August, in autumn a grown biomass was a living mulch, and after being damaged by frost in spring, the mulch was covering ground surface. Winter garlic bulbs were planted in grown biomass of cover plants, in the first decade of September. In the first decade of November and in the first decade of April, the selected soil parameters were determined in the soil layer of 0¿10 cm: actual soil moisture (%), soil bulk density (Mg · m¿3), total porosity (%) and water stability of soil aggregates (%). The harvest of garlic was conducted in the first decade of July. Cover crops mulches had an influence on soil physical properties. In spring, the soil from plots with cover crops mulching characterized with the highest moisture, higher total porosity and soil aggregates stability as well as lower soil bulk density. In comparison to the control cultivation of winter garlic, without cover crops, the effect of plants used for mulching on marketable yield was not observed. Garlic plants intercropped with the white mustard mulch formed leaves and bulbs of higher weight in comparison to cultivation without cover crops.Research was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland as part of the statutory activities of the Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin.Salata, A.; Moreno-Ramón, H.; Ibañez Asensio, S.; Buczkowska, H.; Nurzynska-Wierdak, R.; Witorozec, A.; Parzymies, M. (2017). Possibilities to improve soil physical properties in garlic cultivation with cover crops as living mulches. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 16(6):157-166. https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2017.6.14S15716616

Wplyw cytokinin na namnazanie powojnika calolistnego [Clematis integrifolia L.] in vitro

Badano wpływ cytokinin: KIN, 2iP, BA i TDZ w stężeniach 0,62, 1,25, 2,5, 5, 10, 20 i 40 mg·dm⁻³ na namnażanie pędów Clematis integrifolia in vitro. Pędy wykorzystane do doświadczenia uzyskano z ustabilizowanych kultur prowadzonych na zestalonej pożywce MS. Stwierdzono, że obecność cytokinin: KIN, 2iP i BA miała korzystny wpływ na procent rozkrzewionych eksplantatów, liczbę pędów kątowych, ich długość i świeżą masę. Obecność w pożywce TDZ wpływała hamująco na rozwój pędów kątowych. Rozkrzewianie najsilniej stymulowały 10 mg KIN·dm⁻³ i 10-40 mg 2iP·dm⁻³ oraz 0,62-10 mg BA·dm⁻³.The influence of cytokinins: KIN, 2iP, BA and TDZ at the concentrations of 0.62, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg·dm⁻³ on the regeneration of lateral shoots of Clematis integrifolia was investigated. The shoots used in the experiment were obtained from aseptically grown shoot clusters on the solidified MS medium. It was found that the number of explants regenerating shoots, number of axillary shoots as well as their length and fresh matter are promoted by cytokinins added to media. The presence of TDZ decreased proliferation. The best combinations for Clematis integrifolia proliferation were 10 mg KIN·dm⁻³, 10-40 mg 2iP·dm⁻³ and 0.62-10 mg BA·dm⁻³

Wpływ auksyn: IAA, IBA i NAA na ukorzenianie Hebe buchananii (Hook) i Hebe canterburiensis (J.B.Armstr.) 'Prostrata' in vitro

The effect of auxins: IAA, IBA and NAA in concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg·dm⁻³ on rooting of Hebe buchananii and Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ in vitro was examined. Shoots used in the experiment were excised from aseptically grown shoots on 1/2 MS media. Auxins used in the experiment were showed to have a positive effect on rooting of shoots of Hebe buchananii and Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ in vitro. The biggest number of rooted microshoots and the longest roots of Hebe buchananii formed in presence of IBA. On the media supplemented with IAA in concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg·dm⁻³, IBA in concentration of 5 mg·dm⁻³ and NAA in concentration of 1 mg·dm⁻³ 100% of rooted shoots of Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ were obtained. The biggest number of roots occurred on media with 2.5 and 5.0 mg IAA·dm⁻³. NAA added to the media caused callusing of the shoots base.Badano wpływ auksyn: IAA, IBA i NAA w stężeniach 1; 2,5 i 5 mg⋅dm⁻³ na ukorzenianie Hebe buchananii i Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ in vitro. Pędy wykorzystane do doświadczenia uzyskano z ustabilizowanych kultur prowadzonych na zestalonej pożywce ½ MS. Stwierdzono, że zastosowane auksyny mają korzystny wpływ na ukorzenianie pędów Hebe buchananii i Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ in vitro. Najwięcej ukorzenionych mirkosadzonek i najwięcej długich korzeni Hebe buchananii uzyskano w obecności IBA. Na pożywce zawierające IAA w stężeniu 2,5 i 5 mg·dm⁻³, IBA w stężeniu 5 mg·dm⁻³ oraz NAA w stężeniu 1 mg·dm⁻³ stwierdzono 100% ukorzenionych sadzonek Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’. Największą liczbę korzeni uzyskano na pożywkach uzupełnionych 2,5 i 5 mg IAA·dm⁻³ . Dodanie do pożywki NAA powodowało kalusowanie podstawy pędu

Wpływ auksyn, światła i wstępnej etiolacji na ukorzenianie mikrosadzonek krzewuszki (Weigela) "Bristol Ruby"

Badano wpływ IAA, IBA i NAA w stężeniach 1,0 i 5,0 mg·dm⁻³ w kombinacji ze światłem lub 7-dniową wstępną etiolacją na ukorzenianie Weigela 'Bristol Ruby' ex vitro. Pędy wykorzystane do doświadczenia uzyskano z ustabilizowanych kultur prowadzonych na zestalonej pożywce WPM. Stwierdzono, że obecność auksyn miała korzystny wpływ na procent ukorzenionych pędów, długość korzeni oraz spowodowała zwiększenie świeżej masy korzeni zarówno na świetle, jak i po inkubacji w ciemności. Więcej ukorzenionych mikrosadzonek i korzeni z jednego pędu uzyskano w obecności IAA lub IBA w stężeniu 5,0 mg-dm-3, natomiast NAA korzystniej wpływał w stężeniu 1,0 mg·dm⁻³. Siedmiodniowa etiolacja wpłynęła korzystnie na zwiększenie liczby i świeżej masy korzeni.The influence of IAA, IBA and NAA at the concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 mg·dm⁻³ in combination with light or 7-day initial darkness on the regeneration of Weigela 'Bristol Ruby' roots was investigated. The shoots used in the experiment were obtained from aseptically grown shoot clusters on the solified WPM medium. It was found that the number, length and fresh weight of roots increased on the media containing auxins in light and after being etiolated for a week. More rooted microcuttings and roots were obtained at a higher concentration of IAA and IBA, and lower concentration of NAA. Initial 7-day period of darkness increased the number and fresh weight of roots

Drzewa i krzewy w srodmiesciu miasta Lublina

Lublin, największe miasto we wschodniej i południowo-wschodniej części kraju, położony jest w północnej części Wyżyny Lubelskiej. W latach 2001-2002 oraz 2005-2006 przeprowadzono szczegółową inwentaryzację drzewostanu w śródmieściu Lublina. Określono gatunki i odmiany drzew i krzewów, wykonano pomiary pierśnicy i wysokości oraz badania zdrowotności. Stwierdzono występowanie 3271 drzew i krzewów, w tym 76 taksonów obcego pochodzenia. Na inwentaryzowanym terenie występuje 9 pomników przyrody. Najgrubszym drzewem w śródmieściu Lublina jest Populus nigra o obw. 495 cm i wys. 12 m. Wytypowano 156 drzew przeznaczonych do dalszych badań dendrologicznych. Oceniono stan drzewostanu w śródmieściu Lublina na zadowalający, z wyłączeniem gatunku Aesculus hippocastanum silnie atakowanego przez szrotówka kasztanowcowiaczka.Lublin, the biggest city in Eastern Poland, is localized in the northern part of Lublin Upland. During 2001-2002 and 2005-2006 the detailed inventory of tree stands in the Lublin city centre was performed. Species and varieties of trees and shrubs were defined as well as their localization; their diameters were measured and their general health was examined. The occurrence of 3271 species and varietes of trees and shrubs was found, including 76 taxons of foreign origin. The number of nature monuments amounts to 9 trees of 4 specimens. The thickest tree in the Lublin city centre is Populus nigra of 495 cm perimeter and 12 m high. 156 trees were marked out for further dendrology research. The state of tree stands was assessed as satisfactory, excluding Aesculus hippocastanum trees strongly attacked by Cameraria ohridella

Wpływ rodzaju i stężenia cytokinin na rozkrzewianie in vitro Clematis viticella (L.) i Clematis integrifolia ‘Petit Faucon’

Determination of the optimal types and concentrations of plant growth regulators as medium constituents is one of the most important factors of successful micropropagation. With the aim of optimization of in vitro multiplication of Clematis viticella and Clematis ‘Petit Faucon’ the effect of following cytokinins on growth and branching was studied: benzyladenine (BA), isopentenyl adenine (2iP), kinetin (KIN) and thidiazuron (TDZ). The obtained results show that KIN at concentration of 10 mg·dm⁻³or 5 mg 2iP·dm⁻³ are the best for proliferation of Clematis viticella shoot tips while nodal parts produce more axillary shoots on the media with 2iP at concentration of 0.62 mg·dm⁻³. Shoot tip explants of Clematis ‘Petit Faucon’ produce the most axillary shoots in the presence of 20 mg 2iP·dm⁻³ or 10 mg KIN·dm⁻³ and nodal ones branch best on the media with addition of 1.25 mg 2iP·dm⁻³.Określenie rodzaju i stężenia regulatorów wzrostu w pożywce jest jednym z najważniejszych czynników udanego mikrorozmnażania. W celu optymalizacji rozmnażania in vitro Clematis viticella i Clematis integrifolia ‘Petit Faucon’ zbadano wpływ następujących cytokinin: kinetyny (KIN), izopentenyloadeniny (2iP), benzyloadeniny (BA) oraz tidiazuronu (TDZ) na wzrost i rozkrzewianie pędów Clematis viticella i Clematis ‘Petit Faucon’ in vitro. Stwierdzono, że do rozkrzewiania ekplantatów wierzchołkowych Clematis viticella najbardziej odpowiednią cytokininą jest KIN w stężeniu 10 mg·dm⁻³ lub 5 mg 2iP·dm⁻³, natomiast dla eksplantatów węzłowych lepsza okazała się 2iP w stężeniu 0,62 mg·dm⁻³. Ekplantaty wierzchołkowe Clematis ‘Petit Faucon’ najlepiej rozkrzewiają się w obecności 2iP w stężeniu 20 mg·dm⁻³ lub KIN w stężeniu 10 mg·dm⁻³, a węzłowe na pożywce zawierającej 2iP w stężeniu 1,25 mg·dm⁻³

The use of nano-silver for disinfection of Pennisetum alopecuroides plant material for tissue culture

Initiation of tissue culture of many plant species is a very difficult stage due to appearance of many contaminations. The other problem might be a choice of media for regeneration. Initiation of grass species tissue cultures are thought to be very difficult. Therefore, a research was undertaken to evaluate the use of nano-silver particles for plant material disinfection and to estimate a medium Pennisetum alopecuroides. The plant material were buds and nodal explants that were disinfected in 2% NaOCl for 30 min or 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min. Half of the explants disinfected with NaOCl were soaked in 50, 100 or 250 mg·dm–3 Ag NPs for 1 hour. Explants not soaked in nano-silver were placed on media with Ag NPs at concentrations of 4, 8 or 16 mg·dm–3. An influence of growth regulators on Pennisetum alopecuroides was evaluated in vitro. Regenerated shoots were placed on MS media with: 3 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IBA, 3 mg·dm–3 KIN + + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IAA, 1 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA. It was observed that the use of nano-silver particles lowered the level of contamination. The best results were obtained when Ag NPs was used at concentration of 100–250 mg·dm–3 alone or as a supplementation of the media, at concentration of 4 mg·dm–3 for nodes and 16 mg·dm–3 for adventitious buds. The use of nodal explants allowed to obtain less contamination. Regeneration depended on a media content. The most regenerated shoots were obtained on the MS media supplemented with 1 mg·dm–3 BA and 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA

The nutritional and health properties of an oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Fr) P. Kumm.)

An oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm) is a cultivated species of mushrooms characterizing with unique culinary and medicinal properties. Its’ nutritional value comes from proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral nutrients present in their fruitbodies. Because of a high content of fiber (mainly chitin) and low content of fat, they are a valuable element of an atherosclerosis diet. The fruitbodies of oyster mushrooms are an important source of biologically active substances, specific polysaccharides and polyphenols, which influence a human immune system, so that it fights against cancer cells. ß-D-glucans have an advantageous effect on digestive system, lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides level, decrease the risk of ischaemic heart disease. Active substances present in the mushrooms have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous scientific studies prove high efficiency of the therapy with the use of preparations and extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia, both in prophylaxis and cure of civilization diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer