Real-Space Entanglement Spectrum of Quantum Hall States

We investigate the entanglement spectra arising from sharp real-space partitions of the system for quantum Hall states. These partitions differ from the previously utilized orbital and particle partitions and reveal complementary aspects of the physics of these topologically ordered systems. We show, by constructing one to one maps to the particle partition entanglement spectra, that the counting of the real-space entanglement spectra levels for different particle number sectors versus their angular momentum along the spatial partition boundary is equal to the counting of states for the system with a number of (unpinned) bulk quasiholes excitations corresponding to the same particle and flux numbers. This proves that, for an ideal model state described by a conformal field theory, the real-space entanglement spectra level counting is bounded by the counting of the conformal field theory edge modes. This bound is known to be saturated in the thermodynamic limit (and at finite sizes for certain states). Numerically analyzing several ideal model states, we find that the real-space entanglement spectra indeed display the edge modes dispersion relations expected from their corresponding conformal field theories. We also numerically find that the real-space entanglement spectra of Coulomb interaction ground states exhibit a series of branches, which we relate to the model state and (above an entanglement gap) to its quasiparticle-quasihole excitations. We also numerically compute the entanglement entropy for the nu=1 integer quantum Hall state with real-space partitions and compare against the analytic prediction. We find that the entanglement entropy indeed scales linearly with the boundary length for large enough systems, but that the attainable system sizes are still too small to provide a reliable extraction of the sub-leading topological entanglement entropy term.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures; v2: minor corrections and formatting change

Application of cone beam computed tomography in bone quality assessment prior to implant placement

Stelt, P.F. van der [Promotor]Hassan, B.A. [Copromotor

Local pore size correlations determine flow distributions in porous media

The relationship between the microstructure of a porous medium and the observed flow distribution is still a puzzle. We resolve it with an analytical model, where the local correlations between adjacent pores, which determine the distribution of flows propagated from one pore downstream, predict the flow distribution. Numerical simulations of a two-dimensional porous medium verify the model and clearly show the transition of flow distributions from $\delta$-function-like via Gaussians to exponential with increasing disorder. Comparison to experimental data further verifies our numerical approach.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, supplemental materia

On Rigidity of 3d Asymptotic Symmetry Algebras

We study rigidity and stability of infinite dimensional algebras which are not subject to the Hochschild-Serre factorization theorem. In particular, we consider algebras appearing as asymptotic symmetries of three dimensional spacetimes, the BMS3, u(1) Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras. We construct and classify the family of algebras which appear as deformations of BMS3, u(1) Kac-Moody and their central extensions by direct computations and also by cohomological analysis. The Virasoro algebra appears as a specific member in this family of rigid algebras; for this case stabilization procedure is inverse of the In\"on\"u-Wigner contraction relating Virasoro to BMS3 algebra. We comment on the physical meaning of deformation and stabilization of these algebras and relevance of the family of rigid algebras we obtainComment: 50 pages, one figure and two tables; v2: minor improvements, references adde

Analysing ground deformation data to predict characteristics of smear zone induced by vertical drain installation for soft soil improvement

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.The use of prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) assisted preloading has been recognised over the last two decades as a very efficient method of ground improvement for sites with deposits of deep soft soil. One of the major parameters influencing the PVD assisted consolidation process, and consequently the required preloading time, is the formation of a smear zone around the vertical drains, and the corresponding soil properties. In this research a systematic procedure integrated with a developed numerical code is proposed to accurately back calculate the properties of the smear zone based on the consolidation data collected in the laboratory and in the field. Furthermore, an expanded back calculation method is developed to determine the minimum required degree of consolidation and corresponding time after the construction of the trial embankment that would result in accurately predicted smear zone characteristics. The explicit finite difference program FLAC 2D was used to develop the numerical code, simulate the laboratory testing and PVD assisted preloading case histories. Furthermore a comprehensive parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of smear zone properties variations on the preloading process, and back calculated characteristics of the smear zone. A large and fully instrumented Rowe cell apparatus was used to investigate the effect of the smear zone on the consolidation process and verify the developed numerical code. The Rowe cell was filled with the intact zone, smear zone, and vertical drain materials to evaluate the permeability and extent ratios of kh/ks=4 and rs/rm=3, respectively. The back calculation procedure was used to conduct the parametric study and predict the properties of the smear zone. According to the results, the predicted properties of the smear zone were similar to the properties of the applied soil, proving that the proposed back calculation procedure integrated with the developed numerical simulation can successfully predict these properties. The developed numerical code was used to simulate five PVD assisted preloading case studies, including four trial embankments and a large scale consolidometer, while the back calculation procedure was used to conduct a parametric study to determine the extent and permeability of the smear zone. According to the results, integration of the back calculation procedure in the numerical code can be used as a reliable tool to make an accurate prediction of the smear zone characteristics in PVD and vacuum assisted preloading projects. The developed method in this research can be considered as a practical, accurate and cost effective tool, due to its capability in precise estimation of the extent and permeability of the smear zone in the early stages of constructing the trial embankment. In this study, the proposed systematic back calculation procedure was extended to determine the minimum degree of consolidation (i.e. the minimum waiting time after constructing the trial embankment), and accurately predict the properties of the smear zone. The numerical results of the simulated case studies were used to conduct the analyses. Accordingly, it is found that the extent and permeability of the smear zone can be predicted very well with the proposed calculation procedure when at least 33% of predicted final settlement has been reached (i.e. 33% of the degree of consolidation)

A multilabel fuzzy relevance clustering system for malware attack attribution in the edge layer of cyber-physical networks

The rapid increase in the number of malicious programs has made malware forensics a daunting task and caused users’ systems to become in danger. Timely identification of malware characteristics including its origin and the malware sample family would significantly limit the potential damage of malware. This is a more profound risk in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), where a malware attack may cause significant physical damage to the infrastructure. Due to limited on-device available memory and processing power in CPS devices, most of the efforts for protecting CPS networks are focused on the edge layer, where the majority of security mechanisms are deployed. Since the majority of advanced and sophisticated malware programs are combining features from different families, these malicious programs are not similar enough to any existing malware family and easily evade binary classifier detection. Therefore, in this article, we propose a novel multilabel fuzzy clustering system for malware attack attribution. Our system is deployed on the edge layer to provide insight into applicable malware threats to the CPS network. We leverage static analysis by utilizing Opcode frequencies as the feature space to classify malware families. We observed that a multilabel classifier does not classify a part of samples. We named this problem the instance coverage problem. To overcome this problem, we developed an ensemble-based multilabel fuzzy classification method to suggest the relevance of a malware instance to the stricken families. This classifier identified samples of VirusShare, RansomwareTracker, and BIG2015 with an accuracy of 94.66%, 94.26%, and 97.56%, respectively

Short communication: A survey on growth performance, intestinal micro-flora and meat shelf-life in rainbow trout fed with Pistacia atlantica kurdica essential oil

Qualitative characteristics and nutritional value of fish can reduce by microbial growth and oxidative changes during storage (Rezaei et al., 2008). To prevent or delay such deteriorative changes and extend fish meat shelf life, several ways were recommended. The use of natural preservatives such as essential oils is one of the suggested solutions (Çoban, 2013). Essential oils (EOs) which are aromatic oily liquids of plant material consider in many aspects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic, antitoxigenic and antiparasitic properties (Burt, 2004; Miguel, 2010). EOs can also replace antibiotic growth promoters in aquatic and terrestrial animal feeds. Supplementation of animal’s diet with EOs can effect on growth performance, intestinal microbiota,non-specific immune response and antioxidant status of their products (Giannenas et al., 2012)

A survey of growth performance, intestinal micro-flora and meat shelf-life in rainbow trout fed with Pistacia atlantica kurdica essential oil

In this study, the essential oil (EO) of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica was added at the rate of 10 g/kg of daily diet of rainbow trout and its effect on gut microbiota (Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus spp., total count), growth performance and antioxidant status of rainbow trout fillet was investigated. Sixty apparently healthy rainbow trout with an approximate weight of 150 g ±3.5 were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. Physical and chemical conditions of water were adjusted to optimal for fish farming and sampling was done after 3 months. The results showed that feed conversion ratio in the control group was significantly (p0.05) after 1 and 7 days cold storage (3°C). According to the obtained results, the EO of Pistacia atlantica kurdica at this dose is not advised for increasing the shelf life of meat and growth performance of fish