3,999 research outputs found
Emissivity measurements of reflective surfaces at near-millimeter wavelengths
We have developed an instrument for directly measuring the emissivity of reflective surfaces at near-millimeter wavelengths. The thermal emission of a test sample is compared with that of a reference surface, allowing the emissivity of the sample to be determined without heating. The emissivity of the reference surface is determined by one’s heating the reference surface and measuring the increase in emission. The instrument has an absolute accuracy of Δe = 5 x 10^-4 and can reproducibly measure a difference in emissivity as small as Δe = 10^-4 between flat reflective samples. We have used the instrument to measure the emissivity of metal films evaporated on glass and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composite surfaces. We measure an emissivity of (2.15 ± 0.4) x 10^-3 for gold evaporated on glass and (2.65 ± 0.5) x 10^-3 for aluminum evaporated on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composite
Tunnelling Effect and Hawking Radiation from a Vaidya Black Hole
In this paper, we extend Parikh' work to the non-stationary black hole. As an
example of the non-stationary black hole, we study the tunnelling effect and
Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole whose Bondi mass is identical to its
mass parameter. We view Hawking radiation as a tunnelling process across the
event horizon and calculate the tunnelling probability. We find that the result
is different from Parikh's work because is the function of
Bondi mass m(v)
What kinds of coordinate can keep the Hawking temperature invariant for the static spherically symmetric black hole?
By studying the Hawking radiation of the most general static spherically
symmetric black hole arising from scalar and Dirac particles tunnelling, we
find the Hawking temperature is invariant in the general coordinate
representation (\ref{arbitrary1}), which satisfies two conditions: a) its
radial coordinate transformation is regular at the event horizon; and b) there
is a time-like Killing vector.Comment: 10 page
On Global Types and Multi-Party Session
Global types are formal specifications that describe communication protocols
in terms of their global interactions. We present a new, streamlined language
of global types equipped with a trace-based semantics and whose features and
restrictions are semantically justified. The multi-party sessions obtained
projecting our global types enjoy a liveness property in addition to the
traditional progress and are shown to be sound and complete with respect to the
set of traces of the originating global type. Our notion of completeness is
less demanding than the classical ones, allowing a multi-party session to leave
out redundant traces from an underspecified global type. In addition to the
technical content, we discuss some limitations of our language of global types
and provide an extensive comparison with related specification languages
adopted in different communities
Quantum fields in gravity
We give a brief description of some compelling connections between general
relativity and thermodynamics through i) the semi-classical tunnelling
method(s) and ii) the field-theoretical modelling of Unruh-DeWitt detectors. In
both approaches it is possible to interpret some quantities in a
thermodynamical frame.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, contribution to the proceedings of the
conference "Relativity and Gravitation - 100 years after Einstein in Prague
Simulation and Analysis of Natural Rain in a Wind Tunnel via Digital Image Processing Techniques
It is desired to simulate natural rain in a
wind tunnel in order to investigate its influence
on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft.
Rain simulation nozzles have been developed and
tested at JPL. Pulsed laser sheet illumination is
used to photograph the droplets in the moving
airstream. Digital image processing techniques are
applied to these photographs for calculation of
rain statistics to evaluate the performance of the
nozzles. It is found that fixed hypodermic type
nozzles inject too much water to simulate natural
rain conditions. A modification uses two aerodynamic
spinners to flex a tube in a pseudo-random
fashion to distribute the water over a larger area
Generalised Separable Solution of Double Phase Flow through Homogeneous Porous Medium in Vertical Downward Direction Due to Difference in Viscosity
In this paper the instability (fingering) phenomenon in a double phase immiscible (oil and water) flow through the homogeneous porous medium with mean capillary pressure in the vertical downward direction is discussed. The mathematical formulation of this problem yields a nonlinear partial differential equation and the generalised separable solution is given in the exponential form. The numerical solution and graphical presentation is given using MAT LAB coding
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