Threshold Effects on Quasi-degenerate Neutrinos with High-scale Mixing Unification

We consider threshold effects on neutrino masses and mixings in a recently proposed model for understanding large solar and atmospheric mixing angles using radiative magnification for the case of quasi-degenerate neutrinos. We show that the magnitude of the threshold effects is sufficient to bring concordance between the predictions of this model and latest data from ${\rm KamLAND}$ and ${\rm SNO}$ on observations of neutrino oscillations.Comment: Four pages, no figure

Vanishing corrections on the intermediate scale and implications for unification of forces

In two-step breaking of a class of grand unified theories including SO(10),we prove a theorem showing that the scale $M_I$ where the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry with parity breaks down to the standard gauge group,has vanishing corrections due to all sources emerging from higher scales $\mu >M_I$ such as the one-loop and all higher loop effects,the GUT-threshold,gravitational smearing,and string threshold effects. Implications of such a scale for the unification of gauge couplings with small Majorana neutrino masses are discussed.In string inspired SO(10) we show that $M_I \simeq 5\times 10^{12}$,needed for neutrino masses,with the GUT scale $M_U \simeq M_{str}$ can be realized provided certain particle states in the predicted spectum are light.Comment: 21 pages, Late

New Uncertainties in QCD-QED Rescaling Factors using Quadrature Method

In this paper we briefly outline the quadrature method for estimating uncertainties in a function of several variables and apply it to estimate the numerical uncertainties in QCD-QED rescaling factors. We employ here the one-loop order in QED and three-loop order in QCD evolution equations of fermion mass renormalization. Our present calculations are found to be new and also reliable compared to the earlier values employed by various authors.Comment: 14 page

Running Neutrino Masses, Leptonic Mixing Angles and CP-Violating Phases: From MZM_{\rm Z} to ΛGUT\Lambda_{\rm GUT}

We derive renormalization group equations for neutrino masses, leptonic mixing angles and CP-violating phases running at energies above the seesaw threshold, both in the Standard Model and in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model extended with three right-handed neutrinos. With these equations, we carry out a systematic study of the radiative correction that may arise to neutrino parameters, via their renormalization group evolution from the electroweak scale ($M_{\rm Z}$) to the scale of Grand Unified theories ($\Lambda_{\rm GUT}$). We study in detail three typically interesting neutrino mass patterns: normal hierarchy, near degeneracy and inverted hierarchy. Magnitudes of possible corrections in each case are carefully investigated. We also emphasize the significance of CP-violating phases in controlling the evolution behavior of all neutrino parameters.Comment: 45 pages, 2 tables, 10 figures; a misplaced graph in Figure 6 correcte

Revamped vaccination policy in India, need of the hour

The unprecedented COVID pandemic has caused catastrophic loss all over the world. India has faced a flabbergasting second COVID wave. The current COVID mutant strain is more virulent and has become a variant of concern (VOC) with its high infectivity rate. The current second wave is more detrimental when compared to the first wave, where its transmissibility is high, affecting the younger generation, and even the mortality rate is high. Currently, there is no specific treatment against COVID-19. The health care workers (HCW’s) have been fighting the pandemic tirelessly since the beginning of the pandemic, and many were affected, and severe loss of HCWs occurred. The only ray of hope in fighting against this deadly virus is vaccination. Studies have shown that COVID vaccination is effective in preventing the severity of the disease. Hence vaccination is now is the need of the hour. COVID vaccination has to be taken rampant with vaccinating every citizen of the country in the current crisis. The government of India should make serious efforts that vaccination is available and accessible to everyone. With every citizen being vaccinated, one can flatten the current wave and also can prevent further outbreaks

Low-energy formulas for neutrino masses with tan⁡β\tan \beta-dependent hierarchy

Using radiative correction and seesaw mechanism,we derive analytic formulas for neutrino masses in SUSY unified theories exhibiting, for the first time, a new hierarchial relation among them.The new hierarchy is found to be quite significant especially for smaller values of $\tan\beta$.Comment: 10 pages,REVTEX, no figures,typographical errors rectifie

Non-invasive Diagnostic Measures of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Chinchillas

According to the World Health Organization, disabling hearing loss affects nearly 466 million people worldwide. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which is characterized as damage to the inner ear (e.g., cochlear hair cells) and/or to the neural pathways connecting the inner ear and brain, accounts for 90% of all disabling hearing loss. More concerning is that significant perceptual and physiological aspects of SNHL remain “hidden” from standard clinical diagnostics. Hidden hearing loss (HHL) manifests as the inability to understand speech in loud, noisy environments (e.g., listening in a noisy restaurant) despite a normal audiogram (i.e., normal detection of soft sounds). Recently, HHL has been suggested to result from cochlear synaptopathy, a significant loss of inner-hair-cell/ afferent-nerve synaptic terminals after an acoustic over-exposure causing “only” a temporary threshold shift (TTS), e.g., after a rock concert. In this study, three physiological non-invasive diagnostic measures of HHL will be evaluated in chinchillas: otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and middle-ear-muscle reflex strength. As a first step, the effect of anesthesia will be evaluated. Four animals will be tested twice while awake and then also twice while under anesthesia (xylazine and ketamine). The repeatability, accuracy, and precision of each measure will be examined. Future work will include collecting these measures before and after TTS-inducing noise exposure. The long-term goal of this study is to establish and characterize reliable and efficient HHL measures in the lab using our noise-induced synaptopathy chinchilla model, and then to translate the animal results into a plausible clinical HHL diagnostic for humans

Neutrino Mixings and Leptonic CP Violation from CKM Matrix and Majorana Phases

The high scale mixing unification hypothesis recently proposed by three of us (R. N. M., M. K. P. and G. R.) states that if at the seesaw scale, the quark and lepton mixing matrices are equal then for quasi-degenerate neutrinos, radiative corrections can lead to large solar and atmospheric mixings and small reactor angle at the weak scale in agreement with data. Evidence for quasi-degenerate neutrinos could, within this framework, be interpreted as a sign of quark-lepton unification at high scale. In the current work, we extend this model to show that the hypothesis works quite successfully in the presence of CP violating phases (which were set to zero in the first paper). In the case where the PMNS matrix is identical to the CKM matrix at the seesaw scale, with a Dirac phase but no Majorana phase, the low energy Dirac phase is predicted to be ($\simeq 0.3^{\circ}$) and leptonic CP-violation parameter $J_{CP} \simeq (4 - 8)\times 10^{-5}$ and $\theta_{13} = 3.5^{\circ}$. If on the other hand, the PMNS matrix is assumed to also have Majorana phases initially, the resulting theory damps radiative magnification phenomenon for a large range of parameters but nevertheless has enough parameter space to give the two necessary large neutrino mixing angles. In this case, one has $\theta_{13} = 3.5^{\circ} - 10^{\circ}$ and $|J_{CP}|$ as large as $0.02-0.04$ which are accessible to long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.Comment: 15 pages and 10 figures, typo correcte

Radiative stability of neutrino-mass textures

Neutrino-mass textures proposed at high-scales are known to be unstable against radiative corrections especially for nearly degenerate eigen values. Within the renormalization group constraints we find a mechanism in a class of gauge theories which guarantees reproduction of any high-scale texture at low energies with radiative stability. We also show how the mechanism explains solar and atmospheric neutrino anomalies through the bimaximal texture at high scale.Comment: 4 pages REVTEX, 1 Postscript fi