Avaluació de l’adaptació de ciclistes a un entrenament d’alta intensitat amb diferents estratègies d’intervenció

L’entrenament regeneratiu pren cada vegada més interès tant per part dels entrenadors com dels esportistes, perquè pot evitar situacions de sobrecàrrega o sobreentrenament i millorar el rendiment. Així, l’objectiu d’aquest estudi preliminar fou avaluar l’adaptació d’un mateix protocol d’entrenament d’alta intensitat unit a diferents estratègies de recuperació sobre variables bioquímiques i de rendiment de ciclistes amateurs. Quinze ciclistes homes d’una mitjana d’edat de 36,18 ± 5,30 anys foren assignats, de forma dirigida, a 3 grups diferents: regeneratiu plus (RP, n = 6): entrenament intervàlic intensiu (EII ) combinat amb sessions de baixa intensitat (50% VO2max) més suplementació d’antioxidants; regeneratiu (R, n = 5): EII combinat amb sessions de baixa intensitat al 50% VO2max; control (C, n = 4): descans. Es realitzà un EII combinat amb sessions de baixa intensitat durant 20 dies. Abans i després d’aplicar el protocol es mesuraren els paràmetres bioquímics (bicarbonat [HCO3], lactat [La], pH i pressió parcial del diòxid de carboni [PCO2]) i els paràmetres de rendiment (potència màxima [Pmax], resistència aeròbica [RA] i consum màxim d’oxigen [VO2max]). S’observà un augment significatiu de la potència màxima aplicada, sense diferències en les diverses situacions estudiades. Quant a la resistència aeròbica i VO2max, no s’observaren millores significatives en cap dels grups. Respecte a l’estat metabòlic, només s’observà una concentració menor de La (no significativa) després d’aplicar el protocol al grup RP. Els resultats suggereixen que aquest protocol unit o no a la suplementació d’antioxidants podria ser una estratègia adequada per assimilar determinades càrregues d’entrenament

Evaluación de la adaptación a un entrenamiento de alta intensidad con diferentes estrategias de intervención en ciclistas

El entrenamiento regenerativo está siendo de gran interés tanto para entrenadores como para atletas, ya que puede evitar situaciones de sobrecarga o sobreentrenamiento y mejorar el rendimiento. Así, el objetivo de este estudio preliminar fue evaluar la adaptación de un mismo protocolo de entrenamiento de alta intensidad unido a diferentes estrategias de recuperación sobre variables bioquímicas y de rendimiento en ciclistas amateurs. Quince ciclistas hombres con una edad media de 36,18±5,30 años fueron asignados de forma dirigida a tres diferentes grupos: regenerativo-plus (RP, n=6): entrenamiento interválico intensivo (EII) combinado con sesiones de baja intensidad (50% VO2max) más la suplementación de antioxidantes; regenerativo (R, n=5): EII combinado con sesiones de baja intensidad al 50% VO2max; control (C, n=4): descanso. Realizaron un EII combinado con sesiones de baja intensidad durante 20 días. Antes y después de la aplicación del protocolo se midieron parámetros bioquímicos (bicarbonato [HCO3], lactato [La], pH y presión parcial del dióxido de carbono [PCO2]) y parámetros de rendimiento (potencia máxima [Pmax], resistencia aeróbica [RA] y consumo máximo de oxígeno [VO2max]). Se observó un aumento significativo en la potencia máxima aplicada, sin diferencias en las diversas situaciones estudiadas. En cuanto a la resistencia aeróbica y VO2max, no se observaron mejoras significativas en ninguno de los grupos. Respecto al estado metabólico, solo se observó una menor concentración de lactato (no significativa) tras la aplicación del protocolo en el grupo RP. Los resultados sugieren que este protocolo unido o no a la suplementación de antioxidantes podría ser una estrategia adecuada para asimilar determinadas cargas de entrenamiento

A Medical Support in Offshore Racing — Workshop on Medical Support for Offshore Yacht Races, Telemedical Advice Service (TMAS), 1–2 December 2018, London, United Kingdom

The safety and health of sailors offshore is of major concern. World Sailing (WS) and International Maritime Health Association (IMHA) are taking seriously the potential dangers to the safety and health at sea. By the nature of their sport, the sailors racing in offshore racing environment can be exposed to injuries and other health problems that can endanger their lives. Being aware of the potential dangers caused by the distance from onshore health facilities and lack of professional help on board, IMHA and WS decided to support the activities that are leading to the enhancement of safety and health protection on board. With common initiative, joint Workgroup on Medical Support in Offshore Racing has been formed and the series of workshop organised. The WS/IMHA Workgroup on Medical Support for Offshore Yacht Races previously reached consensus on the common competences and learning outcomes for medical training for offshore racing. In addition, the Workgroup has also set standards for required medical kit inventory for yachts par- ticipating in the various categories of offshore yacht races. Documents were both approved by WS Medical Commission and the IMHA Board. Fourth workshop on Medical Support for Offshore Yacht Races was held in London, United Kingdom, 1–2 December 2018 and workgroup reached consensus on the standards for availability of Telemedical Advice Services (TMAS) for the various categories of offshore yacht races held under the authority of WS. This position paper sets out how the TMAS should be integrated with the practical usage of medicines and medical equipment on board offshore racing yachts. In addition, this position paper also sets out how the level of medical training integrates with appropriate use of the TMAS. Overall, the three WS/IMHA position papers on the triad of medical inventories, medical training and TMAS, are aimed at providing the best possible medical care on offshore racing yachts, by fully integrating each part of the triad of medical support.

Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are characterised for presenting dyspnea, which reduces their physical capacity and tolerance to physical exercise. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of adding a Feel-Breathe (FB) device for inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Twenty patients were randomised into three groups: breathing with FB (FBG), oronasal breathing without FB (ONBG) and control group (CG). FBG and ONBG carried out the same training programme with resistance, strength and respiratory exercises for 8 weeks. CG did not perform any pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Regarding intra group differences in the value obtained in the post-training test at the time when the maximum value in the pre-training test was obtained (Post(PRE)), FBG obtained lower values in oxygen consumption (VO2, mean = -435.6 mL/min, Bayes Factor (BF10) > 100), minute ventilation (VE, -8.5 L/min, BF10 = 25), respiratory rate (RR, -3.3 breaths/min, BF10 = 2), heart rate (HR, -13.7 beats/min, BF10 > 100) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2, -183.0 L/min, BF10 = 50), and a greater value in expiratory time (Tex, 0.22 s, BF10 = 12.5). At the maximum value recorded in the post-training test (Post(FINAL)), FBG showed higher values in the total time of the test (T-t, 4.3 min, BF10 = 50) and respiratory exchange rate (RER, 0.05, BF10 = 1.3). Regarding inter group differences at Pre(POST), FBG obtained a greater negative increment than ONBG in the ventilatory equivalent of CO2 (EqCO(2), -3.8 L/min, BF10 = 1.1) and compared to CG in VE (-8.3 L/min, BF10 = 3.6), VCO2 (-215.9 L/min, BF10 = 3.0), EqCO2 (-3.7 L/min, BF10 = 1.1) and HR (-12.9 beats/min, BF10 = 3.4). FBG also showed a greater Pre(POST) positive increment in Tex (0.21 s, BF10 = 1.4) with respect to CG. At Pre(FINAL), FBG presented a greater positive increment compared to CG in T-t (4.4 min, BF10 = 3.2) and negative in VE/VCO2 intercept (-4.7, BF10 = 1.1). The use of FB added to a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in COPD patients could improve tolerance in the incremental exercise test and energy efficiency. However, there is only a statically significant difference between FBG and ONBG in EqCO(2). Therefore, more studies are necessary to reach a definitive conclusion about including FB in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme

A New Nasal Restriction Device Called FeelBreathe(R)Improves Breathing Patterns in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients during Exercise

A device called FeelBreathe (FB)(R)was designed, developed, and patented for inspiratory muscle training. The main aim was to determine the acute responses on lung ventilation, gas exchange, and heart rate during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with and without the use of FB. In this study, a randomized cross-over trial was performed with 18 men diagnosed with COPD (FEV(1)between 30% and 70% of its predicted value). Each participant randomly conducted two trials with 30 min of rest between them with the same protocol on a treadmill for 10 min at a constant rate of 50% of VO2peak. Each test was performed randomly and in a crossover randomized design in two different conditions: (1) oronasal breathing; and (2) nasal breathing with FB (nasal ventilatory flow restriction device). It was observed that FB had positive effects on dynamic hyperinflation, breathing pattern, and breathing efficiency, with higher expiratory and inspiratory time. Despite these differences, blood oxygen saturation percentage, oxygen uptake, and heart rate showed a similar response for both conditions during exercise. The results suggest that exercise performed with FB improved ventilatory responses compared to the oronasal mode in COPD patients. This new tool could be used during most daily tasks and exercise programs

Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme with a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in COPD

Objective: The objective was to assess the effects of a nasal restriction device for inspiratory muscle training, called Feelbreathe((R)), added to a rehabilitation program (RP) on exercise capacity, quality of life, dyspnea and inspiratory muscle strength in patients with stable COPD. Methods: Patients were randomized into three groups, one performed a supervised RP using the Feelbreathe((R)) device (FB group), the second group developed the same RP with oronasal breathing without FB (ONB group) and the third was the control group (CG). We evaluated inspiratory muscle strength (PImax), dyspnea (mMRC), quality of life (CAT) and exercise capacity (6MWT) before and after 8-week of RP. Results: A total of 16 patients completed the study, seven in FB group, five in ONB group and four in the CG. After the RP, the FB group showed a significant increase in PImax (93.3 +/- 19.1 vs. 123.0 +/- 15.8 mmHg) and in the 6MWT distance (462.9 +/- 71.8 m vs. 529.1 +/- 50.1 m) and a decrease in the CAT score (9.7 +/- 6.5 vs. 5.9 +/- 6.0) and in the mMRC dyspnea score. FB provides greater improvement in PImax, dyspnea, quality of life and 6MWT than ONB. Conclusions: The Feelbreathe((R)) device provides greater improvements in quality of life, dyspnea, exercise capacity and inspiratory muscle strength compared to patients that did not use it

Ultraviolet exposure of competitors during a Tokyo Olympic Sailing Regatta Test Event

Background Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Photoprotection practices and sunburn play a crucial role in skin cancer prevention. Objectives This study aimed to quantify the risk of sun exposure and to evaluate photoprotection practices in Spanish sailors during Olympic competitions. Methods Solar daily ultraviolet (UV) radiation cycle, personal UV dosimetry, photoprotection practices and sunburn checking were followed during three consecutive days of competition among sailors from the Spanish Olympic Sailing Team during a Tokyo Olympic Regatta Test Event. Results A total of 13 sailors (7 women), with mean age of 27.6 +/- 4.7 years and sports experience of 17.7 +/- 5.4 years, were studied. The most common phototypes were type III (53.8%) and type II (38.5%). The rate of sunburn checked was high (46.2%). The mean daily personal UV exposure received was 761.0 +/- 263.6 J/m(2), 3.0 +/- 1.1 minimal erythemal dose and 7.6 +/- 2.6 standard erythemal dose, seven times greater than the maximum permissible UV light exposure values for an 8 h working day. The use of a T-shirt was the most common practice (94.2%), followed by the use of shade (50.2%), hat/cap (44.0%), sunglasses (26.1%) and sunscreen (11.8%). Conclusions Olympic sailor's studies presented high levels of UV radiation received, high rate of sunburn and insufficient adherence to sun-protective behaviours (especially, to use of sunscreen) to prevent sunburn, the main cause of skin cancer. Sport Federations should develop educational campaigns addressing sun-related exposure habits and photoprotection behaviours to reduce the risk of skin cancer among these athletes

Chronic Effects of a Training Program Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device on Elite Cyclists

This study compared the response of a 9-week cycling training on ventilatory efficiency under two conditions: (i) Combined with respiratory muscle training (RMT) using a new nasal restriction device (FeelBreathe) (FB group) and (ii) without RMT (Control group). Eighteen healthy elite cyclists were randomly separated into the FB group (n = 10) or Control group (n = 8). Gas exchange was measured breath by breath to measure ventilatory efficiency during an incremental test on a cycloergometer before (Pre) and after (Post) the nine weeks of training. The FB group showed higher peak power (Delta (95%HDI) (0.82 W/kg (0.49, 1.17)), VO(2)max (5.27 mL/kg/min (0.69, 10.83)) and VT1 (29.3 W (1.8, 56.7)) compared to Control at Post(FINAL). The FB group showed lower values from Pre to Post(PRE) in minute ventilation (VE) (-21.0 L/min (-29.7, -11.5)), Breathing frequency (BF) (-5.1 breaths/min (-9.4, -0.9)), carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (-0.5 L/min (-0.7, -0.2)), respiratory equivalents for oxygen (EqO(2)) (-0.8 L/min (-2.4, 0.8)), heart rate (HR) (-5.9 beats/min (-9.2, -2.5)), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (-0.1 (-0.1, -0.0) and a higher value in inspiratory time (Tin) (0.05 s (0.00, 0.10)), expiratory time (Tex) (0.11 s (0.05, 0.17)) and end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) (0.3 mmHg (0.1, 0.6)). In conclusion, RMT using FB seems to be a new and easy alternative ergogenic tool which can be used at the same time as day-to-day training for performance enhancement