Bilan d’une réflexion sur le projet PSI-La Boussole

Le projet « PSI-La Boussole » constitue un modèle de coordination de services caractérisé par deux grands courants : le « case management » et la coordination des plans de services individualisés (PSI). Ses objectifs consistent à améliorer l'autonomie, l'intégration sociale et la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux sévères et persistants, à réduire le fardeau des familles et des proches et à favoriser le partenariat entre les différentes ressources. Du printemps de 1992 au mois de janvier 1996, à Québec, 28 personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux ont participé au projet. Après avoir présenté leur profil, une synthèse de l'analyse de huit histoires de cas permet de mettre en lumière les particularités du modèle privilégié et son fonctionnement.The "Psi-La Boussole" project constitutes a model of coordination of services characterized by two currents : case management and coordination of Individualized Service Plan (ISP). Its objectives consists in improving autonomy, social integration and quality of life of persons with severe mental disorders, as well as reducing the burden of families and favor a partnership between different resources. From Spring 1992 to January 1996, in Quebec City, 28 people with mental disorder participated in the project. After presenting their profiles, a synthesis of the analysis of 8 history cases allows to put in light the particularities of the model and its functioning.El proyecto "PSI La Brûjula" constituye un modelo de coordinaciôn de servicios caracterizado por dos grandes corrientes: el "case management" y la coordinaciôn de los planas de servicios individualizados (PSI). Sus objetivos consisten en mejorar la autonomîa social y la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas por desordenes mentales severos y persistentes, en reducir el fardo de las familias y los parientes, y de favorecer el partenariado entre los diferentes recursos disponibles. Entre mayo de 1992 y enero de 1996, 28 personas afectadas por desordenes mentales participaron en un proyecto en el Quebec. Después de haber presentado el perfil de estas personas, la sintesis del anâlisis de ocho estudios de caso permite esclarecer las particularidades del modelo privilegiado y de su funcionamiento. puede significar segûn el caso, un ejercicio de coordinaciôn o de supervision. De la misma manera, se trata de la centralization de un caso en donde el trabajador social o comunal es el pilar de un conjunto de intervenciones

Variétés linguistiques et intelligibilité : enjeux sociolinguistiques pour la synthèse de parole

Cet article discute de l’opportunité de développer des systèmes de synthèse de parole qui utilisent une variété linguistique plus familière. Les résultats de trois expériences présentées ici, en particulier la troisième qui repose sur une tâche plus élaborée de décision lexicale, font ressortir que les stimuli produits en français québécois sont plus facilement reconnus par des locuteurs québécois que ceux produits dans une variété européenne. Cela suggère que la variété linguistique utilisée peut agir à la façon d’un filtre qui facilite ou, au contraire, gêne la perception et le traitement des mots.This paper is related to the opportunity of using a vernacular variety in speech synthesis instead of a more formal one. The results of three experiments, especially those of the more elaborated one based on a lexical decision task, point out that stimuli spoken in a Quebec French variety are more easily processed by Quebec French speaking subjects than those spoken in an European variety. These results suggest that the linguistic variety acts as a filter that may facilitate or, on the contrary, impede and slow down the processing of words

Dietary patterns and associated lifestyles in individuals with and without familial history of obesity: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Familial history of obesity (FHO) and certain dietary habits are risk factors for obesity. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were 1) to derive dietary patterns using factor analysis in a population of men and women with and without FHO; 2) to compare mean factor scores for each dietary pattern between individuals with and without FHO; and 3) to examine the association between these patterns and anthropometric, lifestyle and sociodemographic variables. METHODS: A total of 197 women and 129 men with a body mass index <30 kg/m(2 )were recruited. A positive FHO (FHO+) was defined as having at least one obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO-) as no obese first-degree relative. Dietary data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Mean factor scores were compared using general linear model among men and women according to FHO. Regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between anthropometric, lifestyle and sociodemographic variables, and each dietary pattern. RESULTS: Two dietary patterns were identified in both men and women : the Western pattern characterized by a higher consumption of red meats, poultry, processed meats, refined grains as well as desserts, and the Prudent pattern characterized by greater intakes of vegetables, fruits, non-hydrogenated fat, and fish and seafood. Similar Western and Prudent factor scores were observed in individual with and without FHO. In men with FHO+, the Western pattern is negatively associated with age and positively associated with physical activity, smoking, and personal income. In women with FHO-, the Prudent pattern is negatively associated with BMI and smoking and these pattern is positively associated with age and physical activity. CONCLUSION: Two dietary patterns have been identified among men and women with and without FHO. Although that FHO does not seem to influence the adherence to dietary patterns, results of this study suggest that anthropometric, lifestyle and sociodemographic variables associated with dietary patterns differ according to FHO and gender

Par les mains pour les yeux : les représentations de l'identité sourde au sein de performances artistiques de la scène montréalaise

Ce mémoire s’appuie sur une recherche ethnographique réalisée principalement au sein de la communauté sourde de Montréal et tente de déceler les représentations de l’identité sourde au sein de performances artistiques de la scène montréalaise. Le but de cette recherche est d’inscrire la culture sourde dans les réflexions sociales et scientifiques portant sur l’expression identitaire de minorités culturelles par les arts. Afin de démontrer les liens à la fois théoriques et pratiques entre l’identité sourde et celles de minorités socio- politiques, telles que les Noirs, les gays, les femmes ou les Queers, cette étude s’appuie sur les concepts de performativité (Judith Butler), de performance (Clifford Geertz et Victor Turner) et de représentations (Stuart Hall et Serge Moscovici). Y seront également démontrées les relations entre ces notions, le vécu des sujets, leur agency et leur expression artistique.This thesis is based on ethnographic research conducted primarily within the Montreal’s Deaf community and tries to identify Deaf identity representations through artistic performances of the Montreal scene. The purpose of the research is to include Deaf culture in the social and scientific reflections about the expression of their cultural identity by minorities, through the arts. In an attempt to demonstrate the links, both theoretical and practical, between the Deaf identity and recognized social and socio-political minorities such as Blacks, gays, women or Queers, this study is grounded in the concepts of performativity (Judith Butler), performance (Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner) and representations (Moscovici and Stuart Hall). It also demonstrates the relationships between these concepts, the subjects’ personal experiences, their agency and their artistic expression

Eating behaviors of non-obese individuals with and without familial history of obesity

The aim of the present study was to examine whether eating behaviours and their subscales are associated with familial history of obesity (FHO) in a cohort of 326 non-obese men and women. Anthropometric measurements, eating behaviours (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) and dietary intakes (FFQ) have been determined in a sample of 197 women and 129 men. A positive FHO (FHOþ) was defined as having at least one obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO2) as no obese first-degree relative. Men with FHOþ had higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint and flexible restraint than men with FHO2. In women, those with FHOþ had a higher score of disinhibition than women with FHO2. In both men and women, eating behaviours were not significantly associated with the number of obese family members. However, having an obese mother was associated with higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint, flexible restraint and rigid restraint in women. These findings demonstrate that eating behaviours of non-obese subjects are different according to the presence or absence of obese family members. More specifically, having an obese mother is associated with a higher dietary restraint score in women

The T111I mutation in the EL gene modulates the impact of dietary fat on the HDL profile in women

The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of the T111I missense mutation in exon 3 of the endothelial lipase (EL) gene on HDL and its potential interaction effect with dietary fat. The study sample included 281 women and 216 men aged between 17 and 76 years from the Québec Family Study. Plasma HDL3-C levels of I111I homozygote women were higher compared with those of women carrying the wild-type allele (P 0.03). These differences were not attenuated when adjusted for levels of obesity and were not observed among men. Dietary PUFA interacted with the T111I mutation to modulate apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and HDL3-C levels among women. Specifically, a diet rich in PUFA was associated with increased apoA-I levels among women carriers of the I111 allele and with decreased apoA-I among women homozygotes for the wild-type allele (P 0.002). A similar interaction was observed with plasma HDL3-C levels (P 0.003). These interactions were not observed among men. In conclusion, the EL T111I mutation appears to have a modest effect on plasma HDL levels. The gene-diet interaction among women, however, suggests that the T111I missense mutation may confer protection against the lowering effect of a high dietary PUFA intake on plasma apoA-I and HDL3-C levels.—Paradis, M-E., P. Couture, Y. Bossé, J-P. Després, L. Pérusse, C. Bouchard, M-C. Vohl, and B. Lamarche. The T111I mutation in the EL gene modulates the impact of dietary fat on the HDL profile in women

Impact of systemic enzyme supplementation on low-grade inflammation in humans

Systemic enzyme therapy has been shown to be efficient in treating pain and inflammation associated with injury or musculoskeletal disorders. However, whether systemic enzyme supplementation also attenuates subclinical inflammation remains to be investigated. In this randomized controlled trial, we investigated the impact of systemic enzyme supplementation on inflammatory gene expression as well as on markers of inflammation in 24 adult men and women with subclinical inflammation (serum C-reactive protein [CRP] levels >1 mg/L and <10 mg/L). Participants were supplemented with systemic enzymes (Wobenzym®450 FIP from bromelain and 1440 FIP from trypsin, 6 tablets/d) or placebo for periods of 4 weeks separated by a 4-week washout period. Systemic enzyme supplementation had no impact on expression levels of whole blood cell inflammatory genes compared with placebo but significantly reduced serum IL-6 levels (p = 0.04). However, there was a significant sex × treatment interaction for IL-6 (p = 0.02) and CRP (p = 0.007). Specifically, both serum IL-6 and CRP concentrations were significantly reduced in men (p ≤ 0.03) but not in women (p ≥ 0.08). This study suggests that short-term supplementation with systemic enzymes may attenuate subclinical inflammation, with perhaps greater effects among men than among women