Detailed schematic of compartmental model for surfactant dynamics consisting of surfactant components Phospholipids (PL), Surface-active lipoprotiens (SA), and Collectins (C).

<p>Physiological compartments considered are alveolar type II cells (T2), lamellar bodies (LB) within type II cells, alveolar macrophages (Mph), alveolar fluid (AF), alveolar air-liquid interface(Int), surfactant generation in cells (GEN), and surfactant loss to airways (Loss).</p

Model predictions for nAg kinetics in the alveolar region; (a) nAg kinetics in the alveolar fluid post dosing for 1 and 10g/ml of dose per g body weight; (b) nAg uptake by various alveolar cells, representing total uptake by each type of cell for the 2 doses; (c) nAg uptake by various alveolar cells, representing uptake per cell by each type of cell.

<p>Model predictions for nAg kinetics in the alveolar region; (a) nAg kinetics in the alveolar fluid post dosing for 1 and 10g/ml of dose per g body weight; (b) nAg uptake by various alveolar cells, representing total uptake by each type of cell for the 2 doses; (c) nAg uptake by various alveolar cells, representing uptake per cell by each type of cell.</p

Comparison of predicted and measured values of real and imaginary part of pulmonary impedance in mice 1, 3, & 7 day post-dosing of 10 g of nAg (per g body weight) for different PEEPs (Circles and error bars represent measurements in mice and solid lines represent model results).

<p>Comparison of predicted and measured values of real and imaginary part of pulmonary impedance in mice 1, 3, & 7 day post-dosing of 10 g of nAg (per g body weight) for different PEEPs (Circles and error bars represent measurements in mice and solid lines represent model results).</p

Reference values of PL, SA, & C amounts in various compartments (in mol/g lung).

†<p>Original data from young humans, scaled by lung weight <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080917#pone.0080917-Meyer1" target="_blank">[53]</a>.</p>‡<p>Original data from pigs, scaled by lung weight <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080917#pone.0080917-Martini1" target="_blank">[7]</a>.</p>††<p>Original data for LB from rats, AT2 composition calculated by assuming identical proportion as in LB <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080917#pone.0080917-OosterlakenDijksterhuis1" target="_blank">[54]</a>.</p><p>◊Original data from bovine surfactant <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080917#pone.0080917-Possmayer1" target="_blank">[55]</a>.</p

Morphological parameters of the pulmonary system used in the model.

<p>Morphological parameters of the pulmonary system used in the model.</p

Schematic for modeling pulmonary mechanics in conjunction with surfactant concentration <i>C</i>_s.

<p>Schematic for modeling pulmonary mechanics in conjunction with surfactant concentration <i>C</i>_s.</p

Modified Constant Phase Model linear parameters for surfactant dependent effects.

<p>Modified Constant Phase Model linear parameters for surfactant dependent effects.</p

Summary of Molecular weights of surfactant components.

<p>Figures in brackets denote percentage composition in alveolar PL (data from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080917#pone.0080917-Notter1" target="_blank">[3]</a>).</p>*<p>Source: Avanti Polar Lipids, Co.</p

Comparison of differences between control and treated groups for model prediction and <i>in vivo</i> measurements of real and imaginary parts of pulmonary impedance in mice for a dose of 10 g of nAg per g body weight for PEEP = 3.

<p>Comparison of differences between control and treated groups for model prediction and <i>in vivo</i> measurements of real and imaginary parts of pulmonary impedance in mice for a dose of 10 g of nAg per g body weight for PEEP = 3.</p

Parameter values after optimization (in min⁻¹) (Values in brackets denote available initial estimates from the literature).

<p>Only parameters , & , , , & have initial estimates from the literature. The others are estimated based on steady-state analysis of the system.</p