Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the bacterial stain QBA5.

<p>Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the bacterial stain QBA5.</p

The cell-free supernatant of QBA5 greatly inhibited disease severity not only in detached leaves but also fruits.

<p>A: Disease severity of gray mold on tomato leaves. 1 and 4: leaves treated with cell-free supernatant of QBA5. 2: Leaves treated with YEPD as the negative control. 3: Leaves treated with Methylthio diethofencarb (667mg/L) as the positive control. B: Disease severity of gray mold on tomato fruits. a: Tomato fruit treated with YEPD as the negative control. b: Tomato fruit treated with the cell-free supernatant of QBA5. c: Tomato fruit treated with Methylthio diethofencarb (667mg/L) as the positive control. Columns with different letters are significantly different. (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

The cell-free supernatant of QBA5 destroyed plasma membrane integrity of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>.

<p>A: Percentage of plasma membrane integrity of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> conidia. B: Microscopy images of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> conidia after 8 h incubation and stained with propidium iodide (PI). The images on the left were captured under bright field, and the images on the right were captured under excitation light field. a: Conidia suspended in distilled water as the control. b: Conidia treated with cell-free supernatant of QBA5. Bar = 20μm.</p

The preventive and curative effects of the QBA5 100% cell-free supernatant on the infection of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> on tomato plants.

<p>The preventive and curative effects of the QBA5 100% cell-free supernatant on the infection of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> on tomato plants.</p

The cell-free supernatant of QBA5 had dramatic inhibitory effects on conidia of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>.

<p>A: Conidia suspended in sterile distilled water as control. B: Conidia treated with the cell-free supernatant of QBA5 for 24 h. Bar = 10μm.</p

The bioactive compounds in the supernatant of QBA5 were separated with preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC).

<p>Four distinct eluent peaks were detected at 3.10 min, 5.33 min, 7.07 min and 7.73 min by their ultraviolet absorption at 210 nm.</p

The inhibitory effect of the four active compounds on the conidia germination of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>.

<p>A, B, C, and D represent the compounds collected at 3.10 min, 5.33 min, 7.07 min and 7.73 min from the supernatant of QBA5 by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC), respectively.</p

Cell-free supernatant of QBA5 significantly inhibited conidia germination and germ tube growth of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>.

<p>A: The germination rate of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> conidia after 8 h incubation with different concentrations of the cell-free supernatant of QBA5 at 23°C. B: Germ tube growth of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> at two time points after incubation with different concentrations of the cell-free supernatant of QBA5 at 23°C. Columns with different letters are significantly different. (<i>p</i><0.01).</p

Anemia and testosterone deficiency risk: insights from NHANES data analysis and a Mendelian randomization analysis

Previous research has shown that testosterone deficiency (TD) increases the risk of anemia, but it is unclear whether anemia affects testosterone levels. This study investigated the influence of anemia on testosterone levels. Utilizing data from six NHANES cycles, including demographic, testosterone levels, and hemoglobin concentrations, we employed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to investigate the relationship between anemia and testosterone levels. Moreover, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study employing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data examined the causal relationship. Kaplan–Meier survival estimation was used to compared the overall survival (OS) of anemic and nonanemic patients with low testosterone and normal testosterone levels. The inclusion of 21,786 participants (2318 with anemia and19,468 without anemia) revealed that nonanemic patients exhibited higher testosterone levels than did anemic patients (β = 22.616, 95% CI: 3.873–41.359, p = 0.01807). MR analysis confirmed anemia as a cause of TD (OR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.020–1.071, p p  Anemia emerged as a potential risk factor for TD, highlighting a bidirectional relationship between these conditions. Additional prospective investigations are essential for the validation and reinforcement of our findings.</p

Klotho decreased the expression of CHOP in mouse heart.

<p>(A) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining for CHOP in CON, ISO and ISO+KL groups for 2, 5 and 9 days. Scale bar=50 um, 400×. Black arrows represent the positive staining of CHOP expressed in nuclei. (B) Quantitative plot of average expression of CHOP. The expression level of CHOP in the ISO+KL group was significantly lower than in the ISO group at day 9. Data are mean±SEM, n=5 . * P<0.05 between two compared groups; NS, no significance.</p