Gestion de la complexité géométrique dans le calcul d'éclairement pour la présentation publique de scènes archéologiques complexes

International audienceFor cultural heritage, more and more 3D objects are acquired using 3D scanners [Levoy 2000]. The resulting objects are very detailed with a large visual richness but their geometric complexity requires specific methods to render them. We first show how to simplify those objects using a low-resolution mesh with its associated normal maps [Boubekeur 2005] which encode details. Using this representation, we show how to add global illumination with a grid-based and vector-based representation [Pacanowski 2005]. This grid captures efficiently low-frequency indirect illumination. We use 3D textures (for large objects) and 2D textures (for quasi-planar objects) for storing a fixed set of irradiance vectors. These grids are built during a preprocessing step by using almost any existing stochastic global illumination approach. During the rendering step, the indirect illumination within a grid cell is interpolated from its associated irradiance vectors, resulting in a smooth everywhere representation. Furthermore, the vector-based representation offers additional robustness against local variations of geometric properties of the scene.Pour l’étude du patrimoine, de plus en plus d’objets 3D sont acquis par le biais de scanners 3D [Levoy 2000]. Les objets ainsi acquis contiennent de nombreux détails et fournissent une très grande richesse visuelle. Mais pour les afficher, leur très grande complexité géométrique nécessite l’utilisation d’algorithmes spécifiques. Nous montrons ici comment simplifier ces objets par un maillage de faible résolution et une collection de cartes de normales [Boubekeur 2005] pour préserver les détails. Avec cette représentation, nous montrons comment il est possible de calculer un éclairement réaliste à l’aide d’une grille et de données vectorielles [Pacanowski 2005]. Cette grille permet de capturer efficacement les basses fréquences d’un éclairement indirect. Nous utilisons des textures 3D (pour des gros objets) et potentiellement des textures 2D (pour les objets quasi-plans) afin de stocker un nombre prédéterminé de vecteurs d’irradiance. Ces grilles sont calculées au cours d’un pré-calcul à l’aide de n’importe quelle méthode stochastique de calcul d’éclairement global. Pour l’affichage, l’éclairement indirect dû à la grille est interpolé au sein de la cellule associée à la position courante, fournissant ainsi une représentation continue. De plus, cette approche vectorielle permet une plus grande robustesse aux variations locales des propriétés géométriques de la scène

A wave-induced stirring mechanism in the mid-depth equatorial ocean

A wave-induced stirring and transport mechanism for the mid-depth equatorial ocean is proposed and examined using both analytic linear equatorial wave solutions and a fully nonlinear reduced-gravity model. The study of kinematic stirring using the linear solutions suggests that a superimposition of a few simple equatorial waves can lead to strong Lagrangian stirring and transport along the equator. In particular, a combination of an annual long Rossby wave and a high-frequency Yanai wave appears to be most effective in producing strong stirring in the interior equatorial region. Further investigations of stirring properties using an inverted, fully nonlinear reduced gravity shallow-water model support the results of the kinematic stirring study. By evaluating the finite-time estimates of Lyapunov exponents, we identified two regions where chaotic stirring is most active. One is the western boundary region where short Rossby waves likely play a dominant role in producing the strong chaotic stirring. The other is the equatorial waveguide where a low-frequency Rossby wave prescribes the pattern of the stirring geometry, and a high-frequency Yanai wave plays a role of stirring the fluid. The proposed stirring mechanism provides a plausible explanation of the observed chlorofluorocarbon distribution found in the mid-depth equatorial Atlantic Ocean

Online reputation management by cancer hospitals: A systematic literature review in the USA and Spain

Cancer hospitals manage social media platforms in a professional way to improve their relationships with internal and external stakeholders and reinforce their corporate brand. To do so, they need their health professionals to be involved: these professionals become brand ambassadors able to influence society. Nevertheless, they face different challenges: legal issues, new patients’ demands, privacy-related matters, or the difficulty of disseminating scientific content. This literature review paper analyzes how cancer hospitals manage their social media platforms to improve their reputation. To do this, we carry out a systematic literature review focused on papers published in the USA and Spain, based on the Salsa framework proposed by Grant and Booth (2009). We then define an online corporate communication model allowing cancer hospitals to improve their reputation through Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube (MedPac Model for Building Cancer Hospital Brands). The paper concludes that this model is useful for cancer hospitals because it prioritizes persons (brand ambassadors) rather than companies, focuses on scientific and emotional content rather than business information, and is based on human values.This paper is a result of the “Interactive storytelling and digital visibility in the digital documentary and structured journalism” research project funded by Feder and the Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation, and Universities (RTI2018-095714-B-C21)

El impacto de las redes sociales en las iniciativas de marca de los hospitales: análisis sobre los mejores hospitales del mundo

Hospitals face a constantly changing context that leads them to accelerate their digital transformation: cyberhealth, new business models, global competition, etc. In this framework, social media platforms have become a useful tool for transforming hospitals and enhancing their public image. Objectives: This paper aims to analyze how the world’s best hospitals manage social media platforms to disseminate brand related content and this way reinforce their reputation. Methodology: To do that, we carried out a literature review about health communication, social media and brands; then, we analyzed how the world’s 100 best hospitals managed their social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Youtube) as well as their own corporate websites for promoting their brand; and finally, we proposed different managerial implications. Results: Most hospitals resort to their corporate websites (76%) and corporate profiles on Facebook (78%), Twitter (73%) and Youtube (78%) for branding initiatives. Conclusions: Hospitals should prioritize a corporate communication approach, focus on useful content for each stakeholder, and promote learning sessions for helping employees become brand ambassadors.Los hospitales hacen frente a un contexto cambiante que les obliga a acelerar su transformación digital: cibersalud, nuevos modelos de negocio, competencia global, etc. En este contexto, las redes sociales se han convertido en una herramienta útil para transformar dichos hospitales y mejorar su imagen pública. Objetivo: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo los mejores hospitales del mundo gestionan las redes sociales para difundir contenido relacionado con la marca y de este modo reforzar su reputación. Metodología: Para ello, realizamos una revisión bibliográfica sobre comunicación en salud, redes sociales y marcas; posteriormente, analizamos cómo los 100 mejores hospitales del mundo gestionan sus redes sociales (Facebook, Twitter, Youtube), así como sus propios sitios web corporativos para promover su marca; y finalmente, proponemos diferentes implicaciones de gestión. Resultados: La mayor parte de los hospitales recurren a su página web (76%) y sus perfiles corporativos en Facebook (78%), Twitter (73%) y Youtube (78%) para promocionar su marca. Conclusiones: Los hospitales deben priorizar un enfoque de comunicación corporativa, centrarse en contenido útil para cada stakeholder y promover sesiones de formación para ayudar a los empleados a convertirse en embajadores de marca

The Effectiveness of Comparative Standards in Health Promotion in OECD Countries

The application of the standard is its degree of achievement in Health Promotion, which makes it possible to retain the effectiveness of the application of the law. Effectiveness then refers to what prevails in practice and whose indisputable existence justifies its recognition in law. The receptivity of a rule of law through action and awareness-raising measures undertaken by entities in charge of health promotion in OECD countries is a realistic approach to the law. Public awareness, in terms of Health Promotion, is therefore the tool for regulating effectiveness or non-effectiveness, its power to guide the behaviour of subjects goes as far as the creation of the law

La gestión de la reputación online en las asociaciones españolas de enfermos de cáncer: una propuesta de modelo

Cancer patients’ associations have become valid public health players because they help patients to face this disease from physical, emotional and social perspectives. Some of these associations resort to social media platforms not only to improve their relationships with patients, but also to promote their own brand. This paper seeks to understand how Spanish cancer patients’ associations manage their social media platforms to promote their brand. To do that, we conducted a literature review about health communication; we considered 48 indicators to analyze how 107 associations belonging to the Spanish Group of Cancer Patients (Gepac) managed Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and their corporate website for branding initiatives; and we proposed a communication model for branding cancer patients’ associations on these platforms (MedPac Model). We concluded that Spanish cancer patients’ associations prioritize medical information but not brand-related elements, they lack the economic and human resources to produce a quality content, and they have not yet implemented a true corporate communication approach.Las asociaciones de enfermos de cáncer se han convertido en un verdadero actor de salud pública ya que ayudan a los pacientes a afrontar esta enfermedad desde un punto de vista físico, emocional y social. Algunas de estas asociaciones recurren a las redes sociales para mejorar sus relaciones con los pacientes, así como para promocionar su propia marca. Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo las asociaciones españolas de pacientes con cáncer gestionan sus redes sociales para promover su marca. Para ello, realizamos una revisión de literatura sobre comunicación en salud; recurrimos a 48 indicadores para analizar cómo las 107 asociaciones pertenecientes al Grupo Español de Enfermos de Cáncer (Gepac) gestionaban Facebook, Twitter, Youtube y su web corporativa para promocionar su marca; y finalmente proponemos un modelo de comunicación para ayudar a dichas asociaciones a promocionar su marca en las redes sociales (Modelo MedPac). Concluimos que las asociaciones españolas de enfermos de cáncer priorizan la información médica pero no la arquitectura de marca, carecen de los recursos económicos y humanos necesarios para producir contenidos de calidad, y no implementan un verdadero enfoque de comunicación corporativa

Digital Reputation Management in American Cancer Hospitals: A Proposed Model

Cancer patients face complicated situations from an emotional, social and physical perspective. Hospitals help them through implementing corporate communication initiatives based on social media platforms. This win-win relationship allows hospitals to reinforce their brand reputation. This paper aims to better understand how cancer hospitals manage social media platforms for enhancing their brand as well as their relationships with stakeholders. To do that, we carried out a literature review about corporate communication in health organizations, as well as a content analysis about how the top 100 American cancer hospitals managed their corporate website as well as their corporate profile on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube for branding initiatives. Finally, we proposed the Reb Model for Branding Cancer Hospitals. We concluded that thanks to social media, cancer hospitals can reinforce their brand because these platforms allow them to promote human values, improve their internal processes and become a true source of scientific information

La participacion de los stakeholders en las iniciativas de branding del hospital en las redes sociales: una propuesta de modelo para construir marcas colectivas

Introduction: All health organizations face many managerial and economic challenges such as the consolidation of private and international hospitals, the increasingly interest of society for health education issues or the development of telemedicine. In this framework, many organizations prioritize social media as the main corporate communication tool for building a reputed brand in a collective way along with stakeholders. Objectives: This paper aims to identify a communication model allowing hospitals to efficiently apply branding initiatives on social media in order to build a brand in a collective way with stakeholders. Methodology: We carried out a literature review about corporate communication, health communication, branding and social media; and, then, we proposed the PET Model for Branding Hospitals on Social Media. Results and Conclusion: We conclude that hospitals should create a multidisciplinar corporate communication department, implement management initiatives for allowing health professionals have more time for using social media and integrate health education and patient’s empowerment in every communication initiative.Introducción: Las organizaciones sanitarias hacen frente a muchos desafíos económicos y de gestión, como son la consolidación de los hospitales privados e internacionales, el creciente interés de la gente por la educación sanitaria o el desarrollo de la telemedicina. En este contexto, muchas organizaciones priorizan las redes sociales como principal herramienta de comunicación corporativa para construir una marca reputada de manera colectiva junto con los stakeholders (accionistas). Objetivos: Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar un modelo de comunicación que permita a los hospitales aplicar de manera eficiente las iniciativas branding (entiquetar) en las redes sociales para construir así una marca colectiva junto con los stakeholders. Metodología: Llevamos a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sobre comunicación corporativa, comunicación de salud, branding y redes sociales; y, posteriormente, proponemos el Modelo PET para la promoción de la marca hospitalaria en redes sociales. Resultados y Conclusión: Los hospitales deben crear un departamento de comunicación corporativa multidisciplinar, implementar iniciativas de gestión para permitir que los profesionales de la salud tengan más tiempo para usar las redes sociales e integrar la educación sanitaria y el empoderamiento del paciente en cada iniciativa de comunicación

Promoting Health Education through Mobile Apps: A Quantitative Analysis of American Hospitals

Using mobile apps as a corporate communication tool helps hospitals to improve their health education initiatives. This paper aims to analyze how these organizations can use mobile apps to implement health education initiatives addressed to patients. To achieve this, we conducted a literature review (health education, mobile apps, role of doctors and patients), and we resorted to using 38 quantitative indicators to evaluate how the 100 best hospitals in the United States manage mobile apps for implementing health education initiatives addressed to patients. Our results prove that 95% of hospitals displayed general mobile apps for patients, but just some of these organizations proposed mobile apps for patients suffering from non-communicable diseases, including: heart diseases (9.47%), cancer (7.37%), chronic respiratory diseases (3.26%), and diabetes (3.16%). We concluded that hospitals should create a department specializing in designing mobile apps that are adapted to patients’ medical and social needs, and that are also consistent with public health priorities