57 research outputs found

    Characterising the impact of surface integrity on the fatigue behaviour of forged components

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    The present study focusses on analysing and modelling the influence on fatigue behaviour of the surface of a hot-forged C70 connecting rod which undergoes a shot-blasting treatment. The shot-blasting heavily affects the surface and thus the fatigue properties. In addition, the forging process introduces large defects which also have an effect on the fatigue strength. So as to be able to determine which aspects of the surface integrity are the most influential in fatigue, various surface states were thoroughly characterised and then tested in high cycle fatigue in bending. The various aspects studied are the surface roughness and large defects, residual stresses, microstructure and hardness

    Characterising the impact of surface integrity on the fatigue behaviour of a shot-peened connecting rod

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    The present study focuses on analysing and modelling the influence on fatigue behaviour of the surface of a hot-forged C70 connecting rod which undergoes a shot-blasting treatment. The shot-blasting heavily affects the surface and thus the fatigue properties. In addition, the forging process introduces large defects which also have an effect on the fatigue strength. So as to be able to determine which aspects of the surface integrity are the most influential in fatigue, additional surface states were generated by shot-peening the as-forged surface. The various surface states were thoroughly characterised and then tested in high cycle fatigue in bending. The various aspects studied are the surface roughness and large defects, residual stresses, and microstructure

    The effect of quenching and defects size on the HCF behaviour of Boron steel

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    This work investigates the effect of natural and artificial surface defects and quenching on the fatigue strength of a Boron steel (22MnB5). A vast experimental campaign has been undertaken to study the high cycle fatigue behaviour and more specifically the fatigue damage mechanisms observed in quenched and untreated materials, under different loading conditions and with differents artificial defects sizes (from 25 ÎŒm to 370 ÎŒm radius). In order to test the sheet metal in shear an original test apparatus is used. The critical defect size is determined to be 100 ± 50 ÎŒm. This critical size does not appear to depend on the loading type or the microstructure of the material (i.e. ferritic–perlitic or martensitic). However, for large defects, the quenched material is more sensitive to the defect size than the untreated material. For a defect size range of 100–300 ÎŒm the slope of the Kitagawa–Takahashi diagram is approximately −1/3 and −1/6 for the quenched and untreated materials respectively. A probabilistic approach that leads naturally to a probabilistic Kitagawa type diagram is developed. This methodology can be used to explain the relationship between the influence of the heat treatment and the defect size on the fatigue behaviour of this steel

    A flexible HCF modeling framework leading to a probabilistic multiaxial Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram

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    This article describes a flexible modeling framework which leads to the construction of a probabilistic, multiaxial Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram. This framework has been developed following experimental observations that clearly indicate that two independent fatigue damage mechanisms can be activated, at the same time, in metallic materials. Specifically, one damage mechanism is associated with crack initiation and the other with crack arrest. It is postulated that these damage mechanisms are more appropriately modeled using two different fatigue criteria or, more specifically, two completely different approaches to fatigue (i.e. a classical multiaxial fatigue criterion and a LEFM type criterion). Hence, the proposed modeling framework provides the possibility of combining any two suitable criteria, in a probabilistic framework based on the weakest link hypothesis and results in the continuous description of the Kitagawa diagram for any multiaxial stress state. It is shown that under certain conditions this approach is equivalent to the classical El Haddad approach to the short crack problem encountered in LEFM. However, the proposed framework is easily extended to multiaxial loading conditions. This modeling framework is demonstrated in detail via its application to multiaxial fatigue data for data taken from the literature

    The effect of machining defects on the fatigue behaviour of the Al7050 alloy

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    During the High Speed Machining (HSM) of aircraft components, geometrical defects, such as mismatches or chatters, can be created. To obtain a high surface quality, an expensive manual grinding operation is systematically done to remove these defects. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of HSM defects on the fatigue behaviour of the aluminium alloy Al7050. After listing and reproducing the most frequently observed surface defects, fatigue tests are conducted under fully reversed plane bending loads. Investigations carried out in previous work showed that residual stresses and the strain hardening introduced by machining under these conditions can be neglected. Therefore, only the geometric aspect of the surface integrity is considered in this study. The results show that the fatigue strength decreases only when the surface roughness is significantly degraded. It is also pointed out that manual grinding allows the effect of the machining defects to be removed from the fatigue behaviour. In order to predict the influence of the surface condition on the fatigue behaviour, a numerical approach based on the real surface topology is also developed. Crack initiation sites that are numerically identified are in agreement with experimental results. Numerical simulation results are compared to the predictions of different fatigue criteria from the literature and discussed over a wide range of surface defects

    A new methodology for designing heat treated components in fatigue

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    This study is dedicated to the effect of the heat treatment on the fatigue strength of an automobile rear axle beam and aims to propose a suitable and reliable methodology for the fatigue design. The rear axle beam is made of sheet metal (22MnB5); the microstructure is initially ferrito-pearlitic before the heat treatment and is martensitic after. A vast experimental campaign has been undertaken to investigate the behaviour, and more specially, the fatigue damage mechanisms observed for both treated and non-treated material, under different loading conditions: tension and shear test with different load ratios. In order to test the sheet metal in shear an original fatigue test apparatus is used. A probabilistic approach using the weakest link concept is introduced to model the fatigue behaviour. This approach leads naturally to a probabilistic Kitagawa type diagram, which in this case explains the relationship between the influence of the heat treatment and the microstructural heterogeneities. Integrate in a numerical model, this methodology permit to predict the effect of a local heat treatment on the fatigue strength of the components

    The effect of machining defects on the fatigue behaviour of the Al7050 alloy

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    During the High Speed Machining (HSM) of aircraft components, geometrical defects, such as mismatches or chatters, can be created. To obtain a high surface quality, an expensive manual grinding operation is systematically done to remove these defects. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of HSM defects on the fatigue behaviour of the aluminium alloy Al7050. After listing and reproducing the most frequently observed surface defects, fatigue tests are conducted under fully reversed plane bending loads. Investigations carried out in previous work showed that residual stresses and the strain hardening introduced by machining under these conditions can be neglected. Therefore, only the geometric aspect of the surface integrity is considered in this study. The results show that the fatigue strength decreases only when the surface roughness is significantly degraded. It is also pointed out that manual grinding allows the effect of the machining defects to be removed from the fatigue behaviour. In order to predict the influence of the surface condition on the fatigue behaviour, a numerical approach based on the real surface topology is also developed. Crack initiation sites that are numerically identified are in agreement with experimental results. Numerical simulation results are compared to the predictions of different fatigue criteria from the literature and discussed over a wide range of surface defects

    Effet des dĂ©fauts d’usinage sur la tenue en fatigue d’un alliage Al7050.

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    Lors du fraisage UGV de piĂšces aĂ©ronautiques, certains dĂ©fauts gĂ©omĂ©triques, tels que les ressauts et les marques de vibration, peuvent ĂȘtre gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s. Pour obtenir une surface de bonne qualitĂ©, une opĂ©ration de rectification (manuelle et coĂ»teuse) est souvent conduite pour faire disparaĂźtre ces dĂ©fauts d’usinage. Afin d’amĂ©liorer leur tenue Ă  la corrosion, ces piĂšces subissent Ă©galement un traitement de surface (dĂ©capage + anodisation) susceptible de gĂ©nĂ©rer des piqĂ»res en surface. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’identifier l’impact sur la tenue en fatigue de la prĂ©sence des dĂ©fauts de surface crĂ©es lors de l’usinage UGV ou du traitement de surface sur l’alliage d’aluminium 7050. AprĂšs avoir rĂ©pertoriĂ© et reproduit les dĂ©fauts de surface frĂ©quemment observĂ©s sur les piĂšces industrielles, une campagne d’essais de fatigue en flexion plane est rĂ©alisĂ©e. DiffĂ©rents Ă©tats de surface sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s sur la surface d’un nombre suffisant de lots d’éprouvettes. Les premiĂšres caractĂ©risations d’intĂ©gritĂ© de surface rĂ©alisĂ©es tendent Ă  montrer que l’effet de l’usinage sur les contraintes rĂ©siduelles et l’écrouissage est peu marquĂ© dans nos conditions. Seul l’aspect gĂ©omĂ©trique des surfaces Ă©tudiĂ©es est donc considĂ©rĂ© dans ce travail. L’objectif est dans un premier temps de hiĂ©rarchiser les dĂ©fauts de surface en fonction de leur impact sur la tenue en fatigue tout en fixant des critĂšres discriminants qui spĂ©cifient leur acceptabilitĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats montrent qu’il est nĂ©cessaire de dĂ©grader de maniĂšre importante l’état de surface pour observer un abattement de la tenue en fatigue. Par ailleurs, on constate bien que l’opĂ©ration de ponçage manuelle permet de supprimer l’effet des dĂ©fauts d’usinage sur le comportement en fatigue. Afin de prĂ©dire l’effet de l’état de surface sur la tenue en fatigue, une approche numĂ©rique est Ă©galement dĂ©veloppĂ©e. La topologie de surface est caractĂ©risĂ©e expĂ©rimentalement pour ĂȘtre introduite dans un modĂšle Ă©lĂ©ments finis. La localisation de l’amorçage observĂ©e numĂ©riquement est en accord avec l’expĂ©rience. Les prĂ©dictions de diffĂ©rents critĂšres en fatigue sont discutĂ©es sur une large gamme de dĂ©faut de surface

    Effet des dĂ©fauts d’usinage sur la tenue en fatigue d’un alliage Al7050.

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    Lors du fraisage UGV de piĂšces aĂ©ronautiques, certains dĂ©fauts gĂ©omĂ©triques, tels que les ressauts et les marques de vibration, peuvent ĂȘtre gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s. Pour obtenir une surface de bonne qualitĂ©, une opĂ©ration de rectification (manuelle et coĂ»teuse) est souvent conduite pour faire disparaĂźtre ces dĂ©fauts d’usinage. Afin d’amĂ©liorer leur tenue Ă  la corrosion, ces piĂšces subissent Ă©galement un traitement de surface (dĂ©capage + anodisation) susceptible de gĂ©nĂ©rer des piqĂ»res en surface. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’identifier l’impact sur la tenue en fatigue de la prĂ©sence des dĂ©fauts de surface crĂ©es lors de l’usinage UGV ou du traitement de surface sur l’alliage d’aluminium 7050. AprĂšs avoir rĂ©pertoriĂ© et reproduit les dĂ©fauts de surface frĂ©quemment observĂ©s sur les piĂšces industrielles, une campagne d’essais de fatigue en flexion plane est rĂ©alisĂ©e. DiffĂ©rents Ă©tats de surface sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s sur la surface d’un nombre suffisant de lots d’éprouvettes. Les premiĂšres caractĂ©risations d’intĂ©gritĂ© de surface rĂ©alisĂ©es tendent Ă  montrer que l’effet de l’usinage sur les contraintes rĂ©siduelles et l’écrouissage est peu marquĂ© dans nos conditions. Seul l’aspect gĂ©omĂ©trique des surfaces Ă©tudiĂ©es est donc considĂ©rĂ© dans ce travail. L’objectif est dans un premier temps de hiĂ©rarchiser les dĂ©fauts de surface en fonction de leur impact sur la tenue en fatigue tout en fixant des critĂšres discriminants qui spĂ©cifient leur acceptabilitĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats montrent qu’il est nĂ©cessaire de dĂ©grader de maniĂšre importante l’état de surface pour observer un abattement de la tenue en fatigue. Par ailleurs, on constate bien que l’opĂ©ration de ponçage manuelle permet de supprimer l’effet des dĂ©fauts d’usinage sur le comportement en fatigue. Afin de prĂ©dire l’effet de l’état de surface sur la tenue en fatigue, une approche numĂ©rique est Ă©galement dĂ©veloppĂ©e. La topologie de surface est caractĂ©risĂ©e expĂ©rimentalement pour ĂȘtre introduite dans un modĂšle Ă©lĂ©ments finis. La localisation de l’amorçage observĂ©e numĂ©riquement est en accord avec l’expĂ©rience. Les prĂ©dictions de diffĂ©rents critĂšres en fatigue sont discutĂ©es sur une large gamme de dĂ©faut de surface

    CaractĂ©risation du comportement anisotrope en fatigue d’un acier forgĂ©

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    Dans cette Ă©tude, diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes expĂ©rimentales sont employĂ©es pour dĂ©terminer le comportement anisotrope monotone et en fatigue d’un acier 25MnCrSiVB6 laminĂ©: le METASCO MC. Ce matĂ©riau de microstructure bainitique a la particularitĂ© de possĂ©der des inclusions allongĂ©es dans le sens du laminage. Des rĂ©sultats d’essais de traction monotone et de rĂ©silience sont prĂ©sentĂ©s. Concernant la caractĂ©risation du comportement en fatigue, des rĂ©sultats issus d’essais d’auto-Ă©chauffement et de fatigue classiques sont comparĂ©s et discutĂ©s
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