143 research outputs found
The rainy season increases the abundance and richness of the aquatic insect community in a Neotropical reservoir
Biomass, virus concentration, and symptomatology of cucurbits infected by mild and severe strains of Papaya ringspot virus
Removable partial denture with attachment as a treatment option in patients with cleft lip and palate
Patients with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia have more risk of falls, important balance impairment, and decreased ability to function
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and myocardial ischemic preconditioning in symptomatic coronary artery disease patients
Red blood cell transfusions worsen the outcomes even in critically ill patients undergoing a restrictive transfusion strategy
Environment, Migratory Tendency, Phylogeny and Basal Metabolic Rate in Birds
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents the minimum maintenance energy requirement of an endotherm and has far-reaching consequences for interactions between animals and their environments. Avian BMR exhibits considerable variation that is independent of body mass. Some long-distance migrants have been found to exhibit particularly high BMR, traditionally interpreted as being related to the energetic demands of long-distance migration. Here we use a global dataset to evaluate differences in BMR between migrants and non-migrants, and to examine the effects of environmental variables. The BMR of migrant species is significantly higher than that of non-migrants. Intriguingly, while the elevated BMR of migrants on their breeding grounds may reflect the metabolic machinery required for long-distance movements, an alternative (and statistically stronger) explanation is their occupation of predominantly cold high-latitude breeding areas. Among several environmental predictors, average annual temperature has the strongest effect on BMR, with a 50% reduction associated with a 20°C gradient. The negative effects of temperature variables on BMR hold separately for migrants and non-migrants and are not due their different climatic associations. BMR in migrants shows a much lower degree of phylogenetic inertia. Our findings indicate that migratory tendency need not necessarily be invoked to explain the higher BMR of migrants. A weaker phylogenetic signal observed in migrants supports the notion of strong phenotypic flexibility in this group which facilitates migration-related BMR adjustments that occur above and beyond environmental conditions. In contrast to the findings of previous analyses of mammalian BMR, primary productivity, aridity or precipitation variability do not appear to be important environmental correlates of avian BMR. The strong effects of temperature-related variables and varying phylogenetic effects reiterate the importance of addressing both broad-scale and individual-scale variation for understanding the determinants of BMR
CaracterÃsticas das mulheres com câncer de mama assistidas em serviços de referência do Norte de Minas Gerais
DomÃnios de atividade fÃsica e escolaridade em São Paulo, Brasil: estudo transversal seriado, 2003 e 2008
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