Functional Eubacteria Species Along with Trans-domain Gut Inhabitants Favour Dysgenic Diversity in Oxalate Stone Disease

Analyses across all three domains of life are necessary to advance our understanding of taxonomic dysbiosis in human diseases. In the present study, we assessed gut microbiota (eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes) of recurrent oxalate kidney stone suffers to explore the extent of trans-domain and functional species dysbiosis inside the gut. Trans-domain taxonomic composition, active oxalate metabolizer and butyrate-producing diversity were explored by utilizing frc-, but-, and buk- functional gene amplicon analysis. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) level analyses confound with the observation that dysbiosis in gut microbiota is not just limited to eubacteria species, but also to other domains like archaea and eukaryotes. We found that some of healthy eubacterial population retained together with Oxalobacter formigenes and Lactobacillus plantarum colonization in disease condition (p \u3c 0.001 & FDR = 0.05). Interestingly, trans-domain species diversity has been less shared and dysgenic taxa augmentation was found to be higher. Oxalate metabolizing bacterial species (OMBS) and butyrate-producing eubacteria species were found to be decreased in Oxalobacter non-colonizers; and Prevotella and Ruminococcus species which may contribute to oxalate metabolism and butyrate synthesis as well. Our study underscores fact that microbial dysbiosis is not limited to eubacteria only hence suggest the necessity of the trans-domain surveillance in metabolic diseases for intervention studies

Ergonomic evaluation of electric hedge trimmer using digital human modeling

Maintenance of gardens in public and owned premises is becoming costlier. The traditional ways of garden trimming requiring manual labor are becoming obsolete and electric trimmers are extensively being used in maintenance of gardens. While carrying out trimming activity with electric hedge trimmer, operator undergoes various awkward posture(s) resulting into musculoskeletal disorders. The present study is undertaken to evaluate existing electric hedge trimmer workstation and suggest suitable modifications in order to reduce drudgery. The study uses anthropometric data from the literature for the user population for modeling of manikin. The concept of digital human manikin (DHM) is used for modeling and simulation purpose. Here DHM tools in CATIA software such as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), carry analysis and biomechanics analysis are used for the analysis. Study presents ergonomic evaluation of farm worker(s) in Maharashtra state of India operating electric hedge trimmer. RULA score of 6-7 showed that existing electric hedge trimmer workstation is not safe for workers and must be changed soon or immediately. However, carry analysis depicted that existing weight of trimmer is acceptable. Biomechanics single action analysis showed considerable values of moments and forces coming on the various joints and body parts. The study suggested new improved workstation for the electric hedge trimming operation on the basis of the RULA and biomechanics analysis. The improved workstation not only reduced RULA score to acceptable limit but also significantly reduced values of moments and forces coming on the body of worker. Thus, the study explored the potential of DHM technique in the product design, especially in ergonomic design of new workstations or to improve existing workstations

Transmission Weight & Efficiency Optimization in Off Road Vehicle (Tractor Gearbox)

Present Transmission in off road vehicle such as Tractor consist of Following measure parts Spur or helical gears, Shafts, Housing to Support gear box and to store Lubricants, bearing, oil seal, lubricants. In today’s scenario fuel efficiency is prime importance; Transmission plays a vital role in fuel consumption. Fuel efficiency of vehicle can be improved by, optimizing weight and efficiency of Transmission.Various techniques can be used in optimization of Housing weight and finding optimized gear pair design. Keywords: Transmission; Tractor;  Efficiency;  Optimization

Effect of integrated nutrient management on nitrogen dynamics in soil of rice -potato based cropping sequence

The integrated nutrient management (INM) has profound influence on sustaining crop productivity and fertility status of soil. The manurial field experiment was conducted at Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal for evaluating the performance of chemical fertilizer and organic manure on nitrogen availability in different forms in soil and also on the content of nitrogen in different parts of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Annada) and potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kufrijyoti) during different growth stages. Application of FYM and RDF150 in combination had good impact on nitrogen dynamics related to crop growth among other treatment combinations. FYM and RDF150 alone also imparted good impact on nutrient availability and yield of two experiment crops (rice and potato). Experiment revealed that incorporation of commercial concentrated organic manure with RDF150 exerted good impact besides FYM combination with inorganic fertilizers

The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is "Inflammation" Always Inflammation?

Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of "proinflammatory" cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerative, and homeostatic effects. Is there a need to redefine "inflammation"? In this review, we discuss the functions of "inflammatory" mediators/regulators of the innate immune system that determine tissue environments to fulfill the need of the tissue while regaining homeostasis after injury

Microbial Motility at the Bottom of North America: Digital Holographic Microscopy and Genomic Motility Signatures in Badwater Spring, Death Valley National Park

Motility is widely distributed across the tree of life and can be recognized by microscopy regardless of phylogenetic affiliation, biochemical composition, or mechanism. Microscopy has thus been proposed as a potential tool for detection of biosignatures for extraterrestrial life; however, traditional light microscopy is poorly suited for this purpose, as it requires sample preparation, involves fragile moving parts, and has a limited volume of view. In this study, we deployed a field-portable digital holographic microscope (DHM) to explore microbial motility in Badwater Spring, a saline spring in Death Valley National Park, and complemented DHM imaging with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. The DHM identified diverse morphologies and distinguished run-reverse-flick and run-reverse types of flagellar motility. PICRUSt2- and literature-based predictions based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons were used to predict motility genotypes/phenotypes for 36.0–60.1% of identified taxa, with the predicted motile taxa being dominated by members of Burkholderiaceae and Spirochaetota. A shotgun metagenome confirmed the abundance of genes encoding flagellar motility, and a Ralstonia metagenome-assembled genome encoded a full flagellar gene cluster. This study demonstrates the potential of DHM for planetary life detection, presents the first microbial census of Badwater Spring and brine pool, and confirms the abundance of mobile microbial taxa in an extreme environment

FILE SHARING IN P2P SYSTEMS FOR THE EXPECTED HIGH CHURN

Most of the file sharing networks plays a major role in the current networking domain. On that the file sharing between the users is an important work takes place on those systems. When considering each of the system, the need is a performance improvement in the network. We address the problem of highly transient populations in unstructured and loosely structured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. In existing system they consider the distributed system and causes collision while communication. But we consider centralized system and overcome the collision during file sharing and also the existing system drawbacks

Inhibition of angiogenesis- and inflammation-inducing factors in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in ovo by free and nanoparticle-encapsulated redox dye, DCPIP

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The redox dye, DCPIP, has recently shown to exhibit anti-melanoma activity <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that synthetic nanoparticles can serve as highly efficient carriers of drugs and vaccines for treatment of various diseases. These nanoparticles have shown to serve as potent tools that can increase the bioavailability of the drug/vaccine by facilitating absorption or conferring sustained and improved release. Here, we describe results on the effects of free- and nanoparticle-enclosed DCPIP as anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation agents in a human colon cancer HCT116 cell line <it>in vitro</it>, and in induced angiogenesis <it>in ovo</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The studies described in this report indicate that (a) DCPIP inhibits proliferation of HCT116 cells <it>in vitro</it>; (b) DCPIP can selectively downregulate expression of the pro-angiogenesis growth factor, VEGF; (c) DCPIP inhibits activation of the transcriptional nuclear factor, NF-κB; (d) DCPIP can attenuate or completely inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane; (e) DCPIP at concentrations higher than 6 μg/ml induces apoptosis in HCT116 cells as confirmed by detection of caspase-3 and PARP degradation; and (f) DCPIP encapsulated in nanoparticles is equally or more effective than free DCPIP in exhibiting the aforementioned properties (a-e) in addition to reducing the expression of COX-2, and pro-inflammatory proteins IL-6 and IL-8.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We propose that, DCPIP may serve as a potent tool to prevent or disrupt the processes of cell proliferation, tissue angiogenesis and inflammation by directly or indirectly targeting expression of specific cellular factors. We also propose that the activities of DCPIP may be long-lasting and/or enhanced if it is delivered enclosed in specific nanoparticles.</p