A study of sociodemographic determinants, reasons and decision maker of medical termination of pregnancy in urban slums of Jamnagar, India

Background: Medical termination of pregnancy is defined as “willful termination of pregnancy before the age of viability of the foetus. The objective was to study the socio-demographic & obstetric profile and the reasons for procuring an abortion & choice of health care provider.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was done in urban slum in Jamnagar municipal corporation area by using 30 clusters sampling technique. Every women in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) was included in the study till the sample size of 15 was completed in each cluster and thus total 450 women were interviewed. 48 women out of the total of 450 ever married women in the reproductive age group who had ever undergone induced abortion were studied in detailResults: In the present study out of 450 eligible women, 48 (10.67%) had undergone an induced abortion and once only. 72.91% (35/48) of the women belonged to the age group 25-34 years and 89.59% (43/48) of the women were Hindus. Almost half of the total women (45.83%) had primary education, higher proportion of women were housewife 77.09% (37/48). According to Modified Prasad’s classification, 54.17 % of women belonged to lower social class (IV and V). One third (33.33%) of the women who underwent MTP had 1 living child. Majority 79.16% of the women preferred government hospital and in 45.83% cases both husband and wife acted as decision maker for MTP. Most common reason given for terminating the pregnancy was “birth spacing”. (52.09%) Other reasons given were, “family completed” (22.91%), “medical” (14.58%) & social (4.17%). Majority of the women (70.83%) accepted post abortion contraception.Conclusion: There is need to counsel women of reproductive age group that MTP is not a way to control unwanted birth and it is not free from risk. They should be motivated for various methods of contraception.

A COMMUNITY BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE UNMET NEED OF FAMILY PLANNING IN URBAN SLUMS AND IT’S DETERMINANTS IN WESTERN PART OF INDIA

Context: Unmet need is a valuable indicator of National Family Planning Programme. It shows how well the programme achieves the key mission of meeting the population’s felt need of family planning. It is added to the 5th MDG as an indicator concerned with maternal health. Aims: To find out 1.) Unmet need of family planning and 2.) Its determinants. Settings and Design: A community based cross sectional study was done among married women of age 15-45 years of urban slums in Jamnagar city. Methods and Material: total 200 study participants were selected by systemic random sampling and interviewed by using pretested semi-structured Performa. Statistical analysis used: Microsoft excel was used for data entry and analysis done by software Epi-info. Results: overall level of unmet need was 20.50%. It was found to be influenced by various socio-demographic factors (age of women, gender of last child and accessibility to the service providers) and these associations were found statistically significant. Number of living children, occupation, and period of active married life, religion and collective decision had no any effect on unmet need. (No statistically significant associations). Major reasons for not using any methods were inconvenience (51.22%), refusal by spouse/family members (21.95%) and lack of knowledge (19.51%) Conclusions: unmet need was higher in more fertile age-group therefore program should focus more on this agegroup. Female education contributes significantly in reduction of unmet need. By encouraging inter-spousal communication and male participation for family planning decision-making is important in bridging the gap between met and unmet need

Chicken caecal enterotypes in indigenous Kadaknath and commercial Cobb chicken lines are associated with Campylobacter abundance and influenced by farming practices

Identifying farming practices that decrease susceptibility to infectious diseases and optimise food conversion efficiency is valuable for chicken welfare and productivity, the environment, and public health. Enterotypes can be used to define microbial community phenotypes that have differential, potentially significant impacts on gut health. In this study, we delineated enterotypes by analysing the microbiomes of 300 indigenous Kadaknath and 300 commercial Cobb400 broiler chickens raised across 60 farms in western India. Using a compositional data approach, we identified three distinct enterotypes: PA1 (n=290), PA2 (n=142) and PA3 (n=67). PA1 and PA2 clustered more closely with each other than with PA3, however, PA2 had significantly lower alpha diversity than PA1. PA1 had a high Firmicutes: Bacteroides ratio, was dominated by Faecalibacterium and had a higher abundance of Prevotellamassilia than other enterotypes. PA2 was characterised by its low alpha diversity, a high abundance of the common taxa Phascolarctobacterium A and Phocaeicola dorei and a significantly higher Campylobacter abundance than PA1. PA3 had the highest Bacteroidota abundance of the three enterotypes and was defined by high prevalence of lower abundance taxa such as CAG-831 and Mucispirillum schaedleri. Network analysis showed that all enterotypes have different proportions of competing Firmicutes-dominant and Bacteroidota-dominant guilds. Random Forest Modelling using defined farm characteristics was predictive for enterotype. Factors affecting enterotype include whether farms were open, enclosed or caged, the location of farms, whether visitors were allowed inside, the number of people in contact with the chickens, chicken line, the presence of dogs and whether flock thinning took place. This study suggests that enterotypes are influenced by farming practices, hence modification of practices could potentially be used to reduce the burden of zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter

Automated, quick, and precise building extraction from aerial images using ll-unet model

The subject matter of this article is the detection and semantic segmentation of buildings from high-resolution aerial images. It extracts building images from similar characteristics of roads and soil objects. It is used for various applications such as urban planning, infrastructure development, and disaster management. The goal of this study is to develop a fast, accurate, and automatic building detection model based on the semantic segmentation LL-UNET architecture that is optimized and tuned with proper hyper parameter settings. The tasks to be solved are as follows: collect remote sensing building dataset that is divided into three parts of training, validation, and testing; apply data augmentation on the training dataset by vertical flip, horizontal flip, and rotation methods; further pass into the bilateral filter to remove noises from the images; optimize LL-UNET model by various optimizer methods and tuned hyper parameter by proper selection value, the method is compared by the performance metrics recall, precision, and accuracy. The following results were obtained: the model is evaluated under the training loss curve and accuracy curve of different optimizers SGD, ASGD, ADAM, ADAMW, and RMSProp; it measures the training time, mean accuracy, and mean IOU parameters during the training phase; the testing phase is evaluated by precision and recall; the method is compared by visualizing the result of LL-UNET + different optimizers; and the proposed method is compared with the existing method by common evolution parameters metric. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: 1) the LL-UNET effectively segmented the building remotely sensed images in the limited number of training samples available; 2) the loss function of the model observed under hyper parameter selection of the optimizer, learning rate, batch size, and epochs; which makes an optimal model to extract the building in an accurate and fast manner from the complex background; 3) the proposed model results compared with a well-known model of the building extraction under the common evaluation metrics of F1 score

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Not AvailableTranscriptome analysis of Clarias magur brain and gonads at preparatory, mature, 6 and 16 h post-GnRH injection (hpi) stages yielded 9.5 GB data with 39,738 contigs. Sequences of 45 reproductive genes were identified for the first time in C. magur along with unique and differentially expressed genes. The expression of 20 genes was validated by qRT-PCR. Upregulation of Cyp11A1, Cyp17A1 and FTZF1 genes in the 16hpi testis accompanied by the 17β-HSD3 expression indicates testosterone (T) synthesis in response to LH surge, while reduced expression of CYP11B1 suggests a high T: 11-KT ratio. It is evident by the gene expression analysis that the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, altered T: 11-KT, increased testicular bile acids, and oxytocin-like neuropeptide in the male brain, appear to be involved in arresting the pulsatile motion of testicular smooth muscles. The work generates important leads for an effective induced breeding strategy for silurid catfish.Not Availabl

Evaluation of a rapid molecular method for detection of Listeria monocytogenes directly from broth culture

The present study was carried out to know the lowest detection limit of Listeria monocytogenes by PCR. The quantification of organisms was done by CFU counting from ten fold serial dilution and PCR amplification of inlA gene fragment was performed from each dilution. The PCR could detect as low as 20 organisms indicating the lowest PCR detection limit. Thus, lowest number of L. monocytogenes detectable by PCR is a low-cost and rapid procedure that can be appropriated for the detection in real time of low L. monocytogenes levels in naturally contaminated food and is suitable to implement in the food industry. [Vet. World 2009; 2(5.000): 177-178

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Not AvailableThe 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (17b-HSD2) enzyme regulates steroid levels by the inactivation of estrogen and androgens. Spermatogenesis associated protein 2 (SPATA2) plays a vital role in spermatogenesis in vertebrates including fish. We report cloning and characterization of full cds of 17b-HSD2 and SPATA2 genes in Clarias magur. The full-length cDNA sequences of 17b-HSD2 and SPATA2 were 1187 bp (ORF 1125 bp) and 1806 bp (ORF 1524 bp) encoding 375 and 508 amino acids, respectively. Signal peptide analysis revealed SPATA2 is nonsecretory, while 17b-HSD2 is a secretory protein. Hydropathy profiles showed both proteins are hydrophilic in nature. Tissue distribution of both the genes revealed high mRNA level of SPATA2 in all tissues examined indicating its wide range of expression. 17b-HSD2 indicated higher expression in preparatory phase compared to spawning phase in ovary while it was opposite in case of testis. SPATA2 showed significantly higher expression in preparatory phase compared to spawning phase in both ovary and testis. Administration of OvatideTM (GnRH analog) resulted in upregulation of SPATA2 expression at 6 and 16 h post-injection while 17b-HSD2 showed upregulation only at 6 h post-injection. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report on characterization of 17b-HSD2 and SPATA2 fulllength cDNA in catfish.Not Availabl

Genetic diversity among Indian Gir, Deoni and Kankrej cattle breeds based on microsatellite markers

126-130The present study was conducted to examine genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and genetic relationship among Gir, Deoni and Kankrej cattle breeds using microsatellite markers. The number of alleles observed at different loci ranged from 5 (HEL5) to 8 (CSRM60) with a total of 46 alleles across three breeds. The overall heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.730 and 0.749, respectively. Nei’s standard genetic distance was least between Gir and Kankrej and highest between Deoni and Kankrej. In the analyzed loci, an overall significant deficit of heterozygotes across these breeds was found and it could be due to inbreeding within breeds. The overall genetic differentiation (FST) among breeds was moderate, but significantly different. All loci, except INRA035, contributed significantly to the overall differentiation. The highest FST values were found in HEL5 and lowest in INRA035. The overall Nem value indicated a high rate of genetic flow between the breeds, which is in agreement with their origin of close proximity in the geographical area