A STUDY OF STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDY OF DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OTA OGUN STATE

achievement and learning. Few studies have however been done in the study area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the students' perception of their learning environment and the various building components that influence learning in such environment. An open ended structured interview was conducted amongst 22 randomly selected students of architecture of Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria in the 2016/2017 academic session. A content analysis was carried out to analyze the qualitative research data on a basic level using manual coding by grouping the responses based on thematic issues as presented in tables and word clouds. Findings revealed the meaningful patterns and themes affecting learning environment as: school design and maintenance, school structure, physical conditions and furniture arrangement. 45.5% of the respondents emphasized physical condition variables such as lighting, ventilation/air quality, noise levels, colour & decoration, as major components influencing learning environment. 54.5% emphasized furniture arrangement and physical conditions as key components of the learning environment. The culminating influence on performance and students’ achievement was also highlighted with a view to improve the quality of learning environment and school design

Socio-Economic Profiling of Students and its Impact on Learning Outcomes

Every student has a need; and the topmost aspiration of every student is to be self-fulfilled with commendable performance in school. For this aspiration to be achieved, many factors such as the kind of learning environment, teaching methods, socio-economic background, students’ motivation amongst others have been found as precursors. In this context, socio-economic characteristics of students include gender, age, class, daily means of transportation to school, geographical location of the school, type of residential accommodation they lived in, and its ownership amongst others. This paper presents findings of a study carried out to measure the impact of socio-economic profiling of students on their academic performance. Quantitative data were collected from twelve sampled secondary schools: nine private owned schools and three public owned schools across three senatorial districts in Lagos State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted using a hybrid of three techniques: purposive sampling, quota and random sampling to select the approved schools, group them in quota and final selection of respondents respectively. A total of 674 copies of the questionnaire were administered by hand during the first term of the 2018/2019 academic session. The result identified that amongst several socio-economic characteristics of learners, the geographical location of the school, type of school (private or public) and learning styles of students have more significant impact on students’ learning outcomes. This paper recommends that instilling internal motivation in students irrespective of their socioeconomic background can boost their self-esteem and self-actualisation. This will in turn influence their performance favourabl

Impact of Physical Learning Environment on Students' Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools in Lagos State, Nigeria

The classroom is the physical learning environment where learning takes place in formal education. More worrisome globally is the need for classroom learning spaces that can improve students’ learning outcomes not just in one aspect of learning outcome but holistically: affective, behavioural and cognitive domains. In achieving this, this paper draws data from findings of a study carried out to investigate the impact of the classroom learning environment on students’ learning outcomes. Quantitative data were collected on 37 variables from students across the three senatorial districts in Lagos State, Nigeria’s commercial capital with the highest number of schools. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted using a hybrid of three techniques: purposive, quota and random sampling to select the approved schools, group them in quota and final selection of respondents respectively. A total of 674 copies of the questionnaire were administered by hand during the first term of the 2018/2019 academic session. A total of 488 were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and regression analysis. The result identified eleven (11) significant factors to consider in remodelling classroom learning spaces in order to improve students’ learning outcomes. As a result of these factors, a combined proportion of 53.6% of respondents experienced a significant impact on the classroom physical learning environment on their learning outcomes. 31.8% affirmed to its average impact while only 6.9% averred to its least impact, respectively. This paper provides a focus for Architects, interior designers, space planners and other stakeholders in the educational planning and management on the guidelines for remodelling classroom spaces to holistically improve students’ learning outcomes

Public School Buildings in Lagos, Nigeria: Renovations, Renewable Energy Retrofits and Implications for Technology- based Education

Renovation of existing building stock across several building types has continued to generate interest in built environment research. It is a way of restoring aging building stock to good condition thereby reducing the need for new buildings and ultimately contributing to sustainability through resource efficiency. Residential and nonresidential buildings have been found to be high energy consumers and by implication, carbon emitters. School buildings which form part of the non-residential building stock account for a significant share of energy consumption and carbon emissions of the building sector. As a result of the relatively large stock of buildings erected prior to the enactment of energy efficiency regulations in many jurisdictions, renovation is often seen as an opportunity to improve the energy performance and efficiency of old buildings. Given the conditions of public secondary school buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria and bearing in mind the poor access to energy prevalent in the study area, this paper examines ongoing school buildings renovation programmes with a view to ascertaining the extent to which the renovation efforts contribute to sustainability practices especially through the promotion of renewable energy retrofits. The study employed qualitative research methods to identify school buildings renovated between 2010 and 2020 within the six education zones of the study area. Archival studies, interviews and observation methods provided the data for the study. Content analysis was deployed in the analysis of data collected. The result of the study showed that huge opportunities for the installation of renewable photovoltaic retrofits abound in the buildings studied as exemplified in the huge roof footprints and relative heights of the buildings. The study also found that emphasis was more on making the school buildings durable, functional and secure. Even though opportunities for renewable energy retrofits exist in the renovated buildings, very few school buildings considered had such installations. Hence, most school buildings still relied on the national grid for electricity supply. Given the epileptic supply from the grid, most of the schools resorted to fossil fuel fired generators for electricity supply with dire implications for sustainability. The findings point to the need to make school building renovations more holistic by incorporating the energy efficiency component of building renovation

PROMOTING ICT AND DIGITAL EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA USING AFFORDABLE CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS

Goal 4 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to ensure inclusive and quality education for all including the promotion of lifelong learning. Hence the goal seeks to promote development of the human person through education. This development is best driven by technology through the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to digital education. The challenges posed by COVID-19 have further made virtual education which is dependent on the acquisition of ICT and digital skills very imperative. Incidentally, technology based education is dependent on the availability of energy which cannot be guaranteed in a developing country context such as Nigeria. Hence, this study is aimed at examining the energy supply situation in selected public secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria and their coping strategies for ICT and digital education. The study adopted the qualitative approach with data obtained from observation and interviews. The study found that the schools relied mostly on conventional electricity supply from the national grid which was generally epileptic and unreliable. The schools had standby electricity generators to support mains supply and this is a major source of pollution and carbon emissions. The study thus recommended the use of renewable clean energy systems such as solar electricity through photovoltaic cells to power the equipment used for ICT and digital education

INVESTIGATING THE EXTENT OF USE OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) IN DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, COVENANT UNIVERSITY OTA, NIGERIA

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is gradually gaining wider acceptance in the Nigerian Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry and the education industry should match that level of acceptance by training future professionals in the Nigerian AEC industry on the concept and its practice. BIM describes the process of designing a building collaboratively using one coherent system of computer models, rather than as separate sets of drawings. This allows for proper and effective management of information which in turn creates smarter and more informed professionals in a construction industry that loses billions per year, due to ineffective communication. This research aimed at examining the extent of use of BIM in Covenant University‘s department of architecture focused on three major variables; awareness, effective use and application of the subject matter outside the classroom. The result of this research however suggests that the more advanced facets of BIM are used at marginally low levels, compared to the rather basic facets such as 2D and 3D BIM. Nonetheless, this research did not give room for fallacy of generalization as extensive means of cross analysis were used to properly examine awareness, use and application of BIM outside the classroom‘ (amongst other variables) across the several levels of study. Hence, allowing for more detailed and precise finding

Public School Buildings in Lagos, Nigeria: Renovations, Renewable Energy Retrofits and Implications for Technology- based Education

Renovation of existing building stock across several building types has continued to generate interest in built environment research. It is a way of restoring aging building stock to good condition thereby reducing the need for new buildings and ultimately contributing to sustainability through resource efficiency. Residential and non-residential buildings have been found to be high energy consumers and by implication, carbon emitters. School buildings which form part of the non-residential building stock account for a significant share of energy consumption and carbon emissions of the building sector. As a result of the relatively large stock of buildings erected prior to the enactment of energy efficiency regulations in many jurisdictions, renovation is often seen as an opportunity to improve the energy performance and efficiency of old buildings. Given the conditions of public secondary school buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria and bearing in mind the poor access to energy prevalent in the study area, this paper examines ongoing school buildings renovation programmes with a view to ascertaining the extent to which the renovation efforts contribute to sustainability practices especially through the promotion of renewable energy retrofits. The study employed qualitative research methods to identify school buildings renovated between 2010 and 2020 within the six education zones of the study area. Archival studies, interviews and observation methods provided the data for the study. Content analysis was deployed in the analysis of data collected. The result of the study showed that huge opportunities for the installation of renewable photovoltaic retrofits abound in the buildings studied as exemplified in the huge roof footprints and relative heights of the buildings. The study also found that emphasis was more on making the school buildings durable, functional and secure. Even though opportunities for renewable energy retrofits exist in the renovated buildings, very few school buildings considered had such installations. Hence, most school buildings still relied on the national grid for electricity supply. Given the epileptic supply from the grid, most of the schools resorted to fossil fuel fired generators for electricity supply with dire implications for sustainability. The findings point to the need to make school building renovations more holistic by incorporating the energy efficiency component of building renovation. Keywords: energy retrofits, Lagos, renewable energy, renovation, school buildings DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-17-05 Publication date:June 30th 202

Adolescent Development in Learning and Secondary Education in Nigeria: New Trends and Expectations

Adolescents are young people aged between 10 and 19. Their growth and development is a crucial element as they transition to adulthood. Benchmarking on the structure of education in Nigeria, most adolescents fall within the secondary education cadre where they are exposed to learn and acquire affective, behavioural and cognitive skills, commonly referred to as the ABC of learning. However, the extent of what adolescents learn and how they learn has become undefined in a way that can influence practice and teaching. This study presents the results of research done to investigate the new trends and expectations in adolescent development in learning and secondary education. Data were collected from late adolescents across the study area in Lagos State who, were enrolled in approved senior secondary schools within the study area. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted using a hybrid of three techniques: purposive sampling, quota, and random sampling to select the final sampled schools. A total of 674 copies of the questionnaire were administered by hand during the first term of the 2018/2019 academic session. A total of 488 were analysed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that adolescents in the study area were predominantly auditory learners; they learn through lesson discussion and prefer to listen in class. This study has reiterated that adolescents love learning and are not lay back. They can be well cultured and groomed when learning is best suited and presented to align with their learning styles as against a one-fit-all approach to teaching instruction in the classroo