Effect of Okara Flour Addition on the Physical and Sensory Quality of Wheat Bread

This study was carried out to develop bread with improved nutritional qualityfrom a soymilk residue, okara, which is considered a foodstuff low-calorie andrich in fiber. Bread was prepared by substituting wheat flour by okara at 5, 7.5and 10%. Based on preliminary results, breads made with okara improved manynutritional aspects compare with the control (without okara). Okara increasedthe total dietary fiber and protein content of bread. A darkening was observedin breads with okara regarding the control sample. Control and 5-O samplespresented a structure of the crumb with a greater number of air cell than theother formulations, inducing a more uniform distribution of them and a moreaerated crumb. From sensory evaluation, it could be concluded that bread with7.5% okara presented a great acceptability. Okara represents an excellent rawmaterial that can be utilized for dietary fiber fortification.Fil: Ostermann Porcel, María Victori. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Campderrós, Mercedes Edith. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Rinaldoni, Ana Noelia. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; Argentin

Quality assessment of dried okara as a source of production of gluten-free flour

BACKGROUND: Okara is a by-product of soymilk and of tofu elaboration that is rich in protein, fiber and vegetable oils as a source of gluten-free flour. In order to take advantage of the nutritional characteristics of okara and to be able to determine an appropriate drying methodology, microwave, rotary dryer and freeze-drying were assessed. Furthermore, flour with an enzymatic treatment was characterized as well as its functional, physicochemical, and textural properties. RESULTS: The results showed that the physiochemical characteristics of the flour were affected by the drying process, reaching adequate water content, and high protein and fiber content. The freeze-drying process produced clearer flours with porous structure and high water absorption capacity, and with a higher protein denaturation. Okara dried by microwave and rotary dryer exhibited a denser structure with similar functional properties and improved textural characteristics such as firmness and consistency. The microwave-produced flour was darker due to the non-enzymatic browning reactions. The enzymatic treatment employed improved the consistency of the flour. CONCLUSION: It was possible to choose the drying process to be applied according to the feasible use of the flour, intended to preserve the favorable nutritional aspects of the okara flour. Based on the results, it can be affirmed that the physicochemical properties and attributes of okara are influenced by the drying process employed. Okara dried by freeze-drying resulted in a better product because it had a low final moisture content and the highest whiteness index. The flour presented a porous structure with high solubility, which is an indicator of potential applications in foods developments. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.Fil: Ostermann Porcel, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Rinaldoni, Ana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Furlán, Laura Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Campderrós, Mercedes Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; Argentin

Influence of the Particle Sizeand Level of Substitution of Okara Flour in the Development of Gluten-Free Cookies

The research study was conducted to obtain okara flour by freeze-drying which could be used as a fiber and protein supplemented in foodformulation. The chemical composition, functional properties and the influence of particle size of okara flour were studied. Four formulations of gluten-free cookies were developed: one using manioc flour as control and three other with different proportions of okara: 15%; 30%; 50% (w/w). Physical properties as spread factor, color, pore area, shape factor, pore diameter and texture were measured. The overall results showed that okara and manioc flour have the potential to be used in the preparation of cookies with acceptable quality and improved nutrition value.Results from physical analyses evaluation indicate that the incorporation of okara at 30% without milling (30%OF) process presents a similar shape factor to the control sample, a percentage of pore area and pore diameter improved, that provides good textural properties. Therefore, the substitution of manioc flour by okara freeze-dried at 30% provides good quality to a gluten-free cookie formulation, whit better properties that the control sample.Fil: Ostermann Porcel, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rinaldoni, Ana Noelia. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Furlán, Laura Teresa. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Invest. En Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Campderrós, Mercedes Edith. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

Recovery of caprine whey protein and its application in a food protein formulation

This study investigated the recovery of proteins from whey caprine cheese which is mostly discarded as waste. A membrane process including microfiltration and tangential ultrafiltration was used to purify and concentrate the protein solution, reaching a 91.4g/100g of protein concentration. The concentrate was then freeze-dried and characterized. The good emulsifying properties, high water and oil holding capacity and the rheological behavior suggested the application of the whey protein concentrate in the formulation of a dressing. Physico-chemical characterization indicated that the samples were similar to a commercial dressing in viscosity, texture, moisture and ash contain. Also the sensory analysis demonstrated a good acceptance mainly in color and flavor of the samples. However, the protein content of the product: 0.97±0.12g/100g, duplicated the value of the commercial sample incorporating higher added-value to a product with high consumption.Fil: Palatnik, Diana Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Ostermann Porcel, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Ulises Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Campderrós, Mercedes Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; Argentin