Comparative Analysis of Scheduling Techniques in Downlink LTE Using MATLAB-Based LTE MACLAB Simulator

Traffic scheduling plays an important role in LTE technology by assigning the shared resources among users in the most efficient manner. This research compares the performance of three types of scheduling algorithms namely: Round Robin, best Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and Proportional Fair (PF) schedulers representing the extreme cases in scheduling. The scheduling algorithms performances on the downlink were measured in terms of throughput and block error rate using a MATLAB-based system level simulation

VoIP on 3GPP LTE Network: A Survey

As wireless access networks evolve towards an all-IP architecture, the principles of operations of communication services (specifically voice services), which have hitherto been circuit switched are being revisited. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has been identified as a solution and is potentially capable of completely replacing existing phone networks.  However, as opposed to circuit switching technology, the call quality obtained via packet switching through IP has not been encouraging due to certain issues. The increasing demands on data rates, mobility, coverage and better service quality, led to the evolution in Radio Access Technologies (RATs) to an era of last-mile fourth generation (4G) access technologies among which is Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is an all-IP network initially meant for carrying data only, while carriers would be able to support voice traffic either by utilizing 2G or 3G systems or by using VoIP. This paper seeks to describe all options for providing VoIP services as a method of voice transfer over the LTE network. Keywords: 4G, Circuit switching, Convergence, LTE, Packet switching, RAT, VoIP

Comparative Analysis of Routing Internet Protocol and Open Shortest Path First Protocols Using QUALNET

Reliability is a major consideration in Network Design and Implementation in order to cater for link failures. Link failure is a frequent occurrence in Networks and Communications Systems, and the speed at which this disruption is noticed and (or) fixed varies. The use of dynamic routing means in case of link failure, the routers are able to learn alternate routes via periodic updates about the network topology and link states from its neighbors. This report shows how to simulate and study how dynamic routing protocols such Link state and Distance-vector routing protocols respond to link failures and restart, their performance is compared using Qualnet

Development of a Power-harnessing Smart Shoe System with Outdoor Navigation

The Internet of Things (IoT) and the world of Smart Systems are ushering in an era where people, machines, devices (e.g. sensors) and processes are all interconnected and able to interact seamlessly with one another. Business and IT leaders predict they will see an increase of more than one-third (33%) in revenues from the use of smart technologies over the next five years. Smart system is the future of technology with so many different applications to it. We present in this project a system developed for a more convenient outdoor navigation. It involves the development of a power harnessing smart shoe to aid navigation and reduce the dependency of individuals on maps i.e. the need to constantly look at the maps for direction rather than focusing on the road. The project uses the Arduino UNO microcontroller as the brain box of the designed system. The microcontroller was programed to achieve the various tasks needed in this project. The smart shoe is fitted with piezo-electric crystals which are pressure sensors generating the power required for the system, a Bluetooth module to interface with the mobile application which was programmed specifically for the shoe, and also vibrator motors which act as the output signal that is felt by the user to help inform them which way to turn. This project proffers solutions to the setbacks in navigation of the user with accuracy and focus

Refarming 1800MHz GSM Spectrum to LTE: The Effects on Coverage Based on Pathloss Estimation

Pathloss estimation is largely frequencydependent and its results indicate the coverage of any mobile network. The accuracy of these estimations is crucial for viable network designs and deployment. The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies in recent decades has led to diversity in frequency bands. The need for spectrum harmonization for mobile broadband international roaming brought about the need for the refarming of the 1800MHz band from GSM to LTE. This paper investigates the impact of refarming of the 1800MHz frequency band from GSM to LTE in terms of network planning and deployment of LTE, using Okumura-Hata, COST 231 Hata and COST Walfisch-Ikegami pathloss estimation algorithms

A Comparative Review of Improvements in Long Term Evolution

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is one of the major technologies on the rise in the world as of today. It is a 4G network launched by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE Release 8 was the first standard that launched LTE network with an entire change of radio interface and core network. It was designed to offer higher data rate and capacity over mobile networks to accommodate increase in the number of users and data services. In addition the design was made to support simplified architecture with only packet switched services in order to ensure negligible interference; hence supporting real time application with reduced latency and higher efficiency. Furthermore, the continuous growth in data usage has created a need to take an evolutionary step for an efficient and continuous development of LTE. This step has brought about more upgrades and releases such as 3GPP Release 10, Release 11 and Release 12, otherwise known as LTE Advanced (LTE-A). It is widely believed that this will offer robust management of anticipated growth in network technology. This work reviews the improvements in LTE Advanced technology