Inflation and Demand for Money in Emerging Economies: Evidences From Nigeria

The economic performance of the Nigerian economy revealed that for quite some time now, the GDP of the country has been declining and fluctuating over time as compared with the U.S economy that was growing even in the face of inflation. The focus of the research was therefore a critical evaluation of factors that can encourage increasing and stable growth even in the face of inflation backed with high rate of money demand. The study examined the effect different economic variables such as inflation, income; interest rates, price level and exchange rate have on demand for money, by applying regression analysis with an Error Correction Model (ECM) on various economic variables, covering a period of thirty-three years (1970-2003). The study revealed on one hand that inflation was not affected by trend but by Nigerian government policies and that inflation does not exert any significant influence on demand for money. It is therefore recommended that the authorities of should implement policies that will ensure minimal inflation rate. Also, attempt to control the amount of money people hold should not be done through inflation since it would not be effective but should be controlled by the adoption of an appropriate income polic

Using Extreme Value Theory to Model Insurance Risk of Nigeria's Motor Industrial Class of Business

Extreme losses have been recorded in Nigeria insurance companies due to motor insurance class claims; Nigeria Insurance market being a developing one requires building the confidence of the public to subscribe to their products. Nigeria’s motor industrial insurance claim data for five insurance companies in a two year period is modelled in this paper with extreme value theory (EVT) to estimate the Value-at-Risk (VaR), where VaR gives estimate of the minimum amount of claims an insurance company would pay in a given period of time. The time series plot was obtained which aimed at capturing the trend of the claims over the two-year period, the mean excess plot was obtained which helped to determine threshold and the shape of the distribution in the tail area. The returns were then fitted in a Generalized Pareto model (GPD), a similar model that would have been used is the Generalized Extreme Value model (GEV) but the GPD is used in this study because it describes what happens in the tail area of the distribution and not just the maximum tail. A linear Q-Q plot reveals that parametric model fits the data well. VaR estimate was finally obtained using the extreme value method and other two methods of Historical and Gaussian at 5% confidence interval. The three methods of estimating VaR were compared and the empirical result shows that extreme VaR is most suitable to calculate VaR as compared to the Historical and Gaussian method

Comparative Analyses of Strategic Financial Management Practices In Faith-Based and Community-Interest Organisations

Non-profit organisations render certain services not provided by business or public sectors such as skills development, employment creation and fostering of pathways for social inclusion. In spite of their generally-acknowledged significant contribution to the society, researches on the management of their finance are not much. This research therefore advances the frontiers of knowledge by comparatively analysing the financial management practices of two non-profit organisations; a faith-based and a community-interest organisation. The research adopted a field-based approach by evaluating the financial management practices of study organisations using methods such as interviews, study of documents, artefacts and published annual reports. The research found out that though the two organisations are fully aware of the risks involved in the management of finance, different strategies are adopted to mitigate the risks. Though not established for commercial purposes, Non-Profit organisations are encouraged to embark on cost control and reduction to justify their funding by financier

Examining the Impact of Teachers’ Attitudes on College Students’ Attitudes in a Mathematics Classroom

This paper discusses the relationship between teachers\u27 attitudes and students\u27 attitudes toward mathematics in the classroom. Through a review of more than twenty relevant pieces of literature, the paper analyzes the impact of teachers\u27 attitudes on students\u27 achievement, performance, confidence, and motivation in mathematics. The study concludes that positive attitudes displayed by teachers can enhance students\u27 positive feelings toward mathematics and increase their engagement in the subject. On the other hand, negative attitudes displayed by teachers can hinder students\u27 motivation and engagement in mathematics. The paper suggests that teacher training programs should prioritize the development of positive attitudes toward mathematics and the incorporation of technology in the classroom to increase student engagement. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing teachers\u27 attitudes in secondary and post-secondary education and the need for ongoing professional development to improve student outcomes in mathematics

Examining the Impact of Teachers’ Attitudes on College Students’ Attitudes in a Mathematics Classroom

This paper discusses the relationship between teachers' attitudes and students' attitudes toward mathematics in the classroom. Through a review of more than twenty relevant pieces of literature, the paper analyzes the impact of teachers' attitudes on students' achievement, performance, confidence, and motivation in mathematics. The study concludes that positive attitudes displayed by teachers can enhance students' positive feelings toward mathematics and increase their engagement in the subject. On the other hand, negative attitudes displayed by teachers can hinder students' motivation and engagement in mathematics. The paper suggests that teacher training programs should prioritize the development of positive attitudes toward mathematics and the incorporation of technology in the classroom to increase student engagement. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing teachers' attitudes in secondary and post-secondary education and the need for ongoing professional development to improve student outcomes in mathematics. Keywords: attitudes, achievements, confidence, motivation, mathematics DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-9-03 Publication date:March 31st 202

Has Post Consolidation of Deposit Money Banks Affected the Real Sector?

Deposit money banks (DMBs) are believed to be the engine for real economic growth. DMBs are expected to adequately cover the funding gap of the real sector by government resulting from market shocks, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. In this light, this paper examined the effect of post consolidation activities of Nigerian deposit money banks on real sector development. The interactive influences of the Real Sector Gross Domestic Product (RSGDP) and other post consolidation variables like Commercial Banks Deposit (CBD), Credit to Private Sector as a percentage of GDP (CPGDP), Number of Banks Branches (NBB), Commercial Banks Capital (CBC) and proxy of Political Stability (POL) were measured. Analyzing time series data ranging from 1981-2014, the econometric results obtained from co-integration test, unit root test, causality test, over parameterization model and error correction model (ECM) revealed the following: (1) the existence of a significant longrun relationship among the variables and three co-integrating relationships at 1% level of significance; (2) there is convergence of the variables from the short run to the long run though with relatively low speed of adjustment; (3) there is a significant negative relationship between RSGDP and banks’ deposit, credit to the private sector and number of branches but positive relationship with banks’ capital and political stability. The paper thus concludes that the post consolidation activities of Nigerian DMBs have not sufficiently supported sustainable real sector development in Nigeria