The cultural and creative function of moving image literacy in the subject of English in the Greek secondary school

Teaching media literacy as a separate school subject or as part of another school subject is lacking from the Greek educational reality, despite the international academic research and the development and application of media literacy teaching models. This thesis is an analysis of two case study research projects carried out in groups of students in two Greek secondary schools with the aim to study the students’ response to media projects, which are totally new for the Greek educational reality, realized in the English as a Foreign Language class. The data is analyzed according to Burn and Durran’s 3-Cs model of media literacy, and more precisely its Cultural and Creative functions are the aspects used that include the concepts of Cultural Taste, Identity, and Creativity. These concepts are interpreted within the framework of Cultural Studies and Psychology theories. Important theoreticians considered are Bourdieu, Bennett, Giddens, Vygotsky, Jenkins and Bakhtin. The examination of students’ participation in the media projects and their production work suggest that their cultural taste is a combination of global and local influences, a glocal result, in which the family, the peers, the media and the education play an important role. Their identity is multi-faceted, as a reflection of various aspects of their selves, and it is closely related to their cultural taste and their cultural capital. Students’ creativity is also expressed as a complex process, affected both by the guidance of the official educational context and the youth popular culture tendencies. The tensions that emerge in the expression of the students’ cultural taste, identity and creativity during moving image projects characterize the Greek adolescents’ response to the newly-learnt moving image literacy, and raise important questions for educators and researchers

Testing for the functional interaction between (A) scs' or (B–C) Zw5 binding sites and the scs insulator located on the 3' side of the <i>white</i> gene.

<p>Other designations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figures 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p

Testing (A) <i>aurora</i> or (B) <i>CG3281</i> promoter in the scs' insulator.

<p>Asterisks indicate that the transgene was codirectionally inserted (*) in the first intron of the <i>effet</i> gene (3R:10565091) transcribed in the same direction as the <i>mini-white</i> gene or (**) in the first intron of the <i>Dek</i> gene (2R:12744143). Other designations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figures 1</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g002" target="_blank">2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g005" target="_blank">5</a>.</p

Testing the central 392-bp <i>Hpa</i>I–<i>Nde</i>I part of scs (scs^m) inserted in either (A) direct or (B) reverse orientation for the ability to terminate transcription in the eyes.

<p>The UAS promoter is shown as the white rectangle marked “UAS.” “+GAL4” indicates that eye phenotypes in transgenic lines were examined after induction of GAL4 expression. In this case, N is the number of lines in which flies acquired a new w phenotype upon induction of GAL4. For other designations, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figures 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p

Testing the scs insulator inserted in (A) direct or (B) reverse orientation in enhancer-blocking and CPE assays and (C) testing for interference between the <i>white</i> promoter and the <i>Cad87A</i> promoter in the scs insulator.

<p>Other designations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figures 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p

The role of the Wari insulator in the enhancer-blocking activity of scs and scs' insulators in transgenic lines.

<p>Tests were conducted for the functional interaction of Wari with the scs insulator inserted in (A) direct or (B) reverse orientation and (C) with the scs' insulator. In the reductive scheme of the transgenic construct used in the assay, the <i>white</i> and <i>yellow</i> genes are shown as white and black boxes, respectively, with an arrow indicating the direction of transcription; the delta sign (Δ) indicates deletion of Wari located at the 3' end of the <i>white</i> gene; downward arrows indicate target sites for Flp recombinase (<i>frt</i>) or Cre recombinase (<i>lox</i>); the same sites in construct names are denoted by parentheses; the eye enhancer is shown as black oval; the <i>yellow</i> wing and body enhancers are shown as white ovals. The “<i>white</i>” column shows the number of transgenic lines with different levels of eye pigmentation. Arrows indicate the excision of an element to produce the derivative transgenic lines. Wild-type <i>white</i> expression determined the bright red eye color (R); in the absence of <i>white</i> expression, the eyes were white (W). Intermediate levels of pigmentation, with the eye color ranging from pale yellow (pY), through yellow (Y), dark yellow (dY), orange (Or), dark orange (dOr), and brown (Br) to brownish red (BrR), reflect the increasing levels of <i>white</i> expression. The “<i>yellow</i>” column shows the numbers of transgenic lines with the <i>yellow</i> pigmentation level in the abdominal cuticle (reflecting the activity of the body enhancer); in most of the lines, the pigmentation level in wing blades (reflecting the activity of the wing enhancer) closely correlated with these scores. The level of pigmentation (i.e., of <i>y</i> expression) was estimated on an arbitrary five-grade scale, with wild-type expression and the absence of expression assigned scores 5 and 1, respectively. N is the number of lines in which flies acquired a new white or yellow phenotype after deletion (Δ) of the specified DNA fragment; T is the total number of lines examined for each particular construct. Other designations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p

Testing the scs' insulator inserted in (A) direct or (B) reverse orientation in enhancer-blocking and CPE assays.

<p>Asterisks indicate that the transgene was codirectionally inserted (*) in an intron of the <i>capr</i> gene (3L:18665421) or (**) in an intron of the <i>CG7950</i> gene (3R:25882796). Other designations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figures 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p

Testing elements for (A) promoter and (B) terminator activities in S2 cells.

<p>In the structural scheme of the scs insulator (<i>Pvu</i>II–<i>Pvu</i>II fragment), the Zw5 site is shown as a white rectangle; identified polyadenylation sites (PAS), as black circles with “+” sign indicating their direct orientation. Restriction sites <i>Hpa</i>I–<i>Nde</i>I indicate the boundaries of the element used in the terminator assay. In the reductive schemes of transgenic constructs, the ORFs encoding <i>Renilla</i> (<i>Rluc</i>) and firefly (<i>Fluc</i>) luciferases are shown as white and black boxes with arrows indicating the direction of transcription; the white rectangle marked “term” is the SV40 terminator. The bicistronic plasmid also contained the <i>actin</i> promoter and <i>rpr</i> IRES (rectangles with corresponding marks). Thick downward arrows indicate insertion sites for the <i>hsp</i>70 promoter (Hsp70 pr), scs (scs dir, scs rev), and scs' (scs' dir, scs' rev) in the promoter assay and for late SV40 (termSV40) and scs PASs (scs(polyA)dir, scs(polyA)rev) in the terminator assay. The reporter system used in the assays is based on measurement of Fluc versus Rluc activity. The Fluc/Rluc ratios for the test constructs are shown in histograms. Error bars show standard deviations (<i>n</i> = 3).</p

Testing (A) <i>CG31211</i> or (B) <i>Cad87A</i> promoter in the scs insulator.

<p>Other designations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figures 1</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g002" target="_blank">2</a>, and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g005" target="_blank">5</a>. The scs^A is 516-bp scs part including the <i>CG31211</i> promoter. The scs^B is 477-bp scs part including the <i>Cad87A</i> promoter. Other designations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g001" target="_blank">Figures 1</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g002" target="_blank">2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062690#pone-0062690-g005" target="_blank">5</a>.</p

Testing the enhancer-blocking activity of the <i>gypsy</i> insulator in one copy.

<p>Transgenic lines were grouped into those in which the <i>gypsy</i> insulator displayed (A) weak or (B) strong enhancer-blocking activity. (C) Homozygous transgenic lines in which the <i>gypsy</i> insulator displayed a weak enhancer-blocking activity. In the reductive scheme of the transgenic construct used in the assay, the <i>white</i> gene is shown as white box with an arrow indicating the direction of transcription; the triangle indicates deletion of the Wari insulator located at the 3′ end of the <i>white</i> gene; downward arrows indicate target sites for Flp recombinase (<i>frt</i>) or Cre recombinase (<i>lox</i>); the same sites in construct names are denoted by parentheses; the eye enhancer (E) is shown as white rectangle; the direction of the <i>gypsy</i> insulator (Gy) is indicated by the apex of the pentagon. The numbers of transgenic lines with different levels of <i>white</i> pigmentation in the eyes are indicated. Arrows indicate the excision of an element to produce the derivative transgenic lines. Wild-type <i>white</i> expression determined the bright red eye color (R); in the absence of <i>white</i> expression, the eyes were white (W). Intermediate levels of pigmentation, with the eye color ranging from pale yellow (pY), through yellow (Y), dark yellow (dY), orange (Or), dark orange (dOr), and brown (Br) to brownish red (BrR), reflect the increasing levels of <i>white</i> expression. N is the number of lines in which flies acquired a new eye color phenotype by deletion (Δ) of the specified DNA fragment; T is the total number of lines examined for each particular construct. <i>z^v77h</i>, a null-mutation of the <i>zeste</i> gene.</p