Impact of research beyond academia : considering engagement, impact, and open access through the UK and Australian experiences

Many countries have conducted research assessment exercises to increase the accountability of higher education institutions regarding their spending of public money and to inform the effective, efficient, and competitive allocation of research funding. This paper discusses “engagement” and “impact,” which have been increasingly emphasized as important contributions of research outputs in UK and Australian research assessment exercises. In this context, this paper also discusses the role played by the REF2021 open access policy and newly proposed Plan S in the promotion of open access. An agenda for engagement and impact requires an open access environment that shares the same objective and has synergistic effects

Monographs in humanities and social sciences : back to the basics ?

The ICT revolution has drastically changed academics\u27 practices of searching, reading, storing, sharing, and writing academic literature as the advent of electronic journals has dramatically improved the accessibility and usability of journal articles. However, digital versions of monographs are lackluster in their influence compared with e-journals. Monograph publishing has many obstacles in digitization that do not exist in journal publishing. This paper first revisits the basics of monographs and then discusses the circumstances of various stakeholders in monograph publishing, including researchers, university presses, universities, funders, and libraries. Many discussions of monographs seem to assume that the current stereotypical image of monographs will not change. However, is it necessary to redefine and repurpose the roles of monographs

Scholarly communications revisited : journal publishing, open access, and digital-age Journals

The development of digital technology has drastically changed scholarly communication. T he advent of electronic journals has changed the industrial structure of academic publish-i ng. As the market concentration of journal publishing continues to increase, the pricing of j ournals has been dominated and controlled by large publishers. The never-ending rise of s ubscription prices is approaching a tipping point that libraries/institutions—even in hi gh-income countries—can no longer bear. In these circumstances, the open access (OA) m ovement has been promoted over the past 15 years, and new types of publications have ap peared. This paper discusses the definition and history of OA, the position of each stake- holder in the OA landscape, and new digital-age journals, which include OA mega-journals and research funders’ OA platforms

Solid-state inorganic and metallic adhesives for soft biological tissues

Currently, the soft-tissue adhesives used in clinical practice are glue-type organic adhesives. However, there is a demand for new types of adhesives, because the current organic adhesives present challenges in terms of their biocompatibility and adhesion strength. This review summarizes the discovery and development of inorganic and metallic adhesives designed for soft biological tissues while focusing on immobilization of medical divices on soft tissues. These new types of adhesives are in a solid state and adhere directly and immediately to soft tissues. Therefore, they are called "solid-state adhesives" to distinguish them from the currently used glue-type adhesives. In previous studies on inorganic solid-state adhesives, oxides and calcium phosphates were used as raw materials in the form of nanoparticles, nanoparticle-coated films, or nanoparticle-assembled porous plates. In previous studies on metallic solid-state adhesives, only Ti and its alloys were used as raw materials. This review also discusses the future perspectives in this active research area

健康な女性における昼食前後の生理的変化と外気温の影響

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(保健学)Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciencedoctora

Search for the Infrared Emission Features from Deuterated Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

We report the results of a search for emission features from interstellar deuterated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the 4um region with the Infrared Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. No significant excess emission is seen in 4.3-4.7um in the spectra toward the Orion Bar and M17 after the subtraction of line emission from the ionized gas. A small excess of emission remains at around 4.4 and 4.65um, but the ratio of their intensity to that of the band emission from PAHs at 3.3-3.5um is estimated as 2-3%. This is an order of magnitude smaller than the values previously reported and also those predicted by the model of deuterium depletion onto PAHs. Since the subtraction of the ionized gas emission introduces an uncertainty, the deuterated PAH features are also searched for in the reflection nebula GN 18.14.0, which does not show emission lines from ionized gas. We obtain a similar result that excess emission in the 4um region, if present, is about 2% of the PAH band emission in the 3um region. The present study does not find evidence for the presence of the large amount of deuterated PAHs that the depletion model predicts. The results are discussed in the context of deuterium depletion in the interstellar medium.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Ap

Sinus node dysfunction after repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection

ObjectivesSinus node dysfunction is known as a major complication after repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. We retrospectively analyzed the results of the atrial wall flap technique compared with the results of patch repair or direct suturing in the intra-atrial tunnel technique.MethodsBetween 1991 and 2007, 23 patients (mean age, 6 years; range, 5 months–17 years) with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection underwent surgical intervention. The right anomalous pulmonary veins drained to either the right atrium or superior vena cava in 8 and 15 patients, respectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group F (n = 14), who had repair with an atrial flap, and group N (n = 9), who had repair without an atrial flap. All patients had normal sinus rhythm preoperatively.ResultsNo patients had signs of superior vena cava or pulmonary venous obstruction within a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. One patient in group F required pacemaker implantation. In the early postoperative period, sinus node dysfunction developed in 93% of group F and 44% of group N patients (P < .01) and was prolonged until discharge in 57% of group F and 0% of group N patients (P < .01). At the most recent clinical visit, sinus node dysfunction was identified in 50% of group F patients, whereas all patients in group N had normal sinus rhythm (P < .02).ConclusionsThe atrial flap technique, which requires incision or suture crossing the crista terminalis, could cause sinus node dysfunction, whereas the intra-atrial rerouting method with a patch or direct suture maintains normal sinus node function postoperatively

Operative approach for multiple primary lung carcinomas

AbstractOf 908 patients who underwent operation for primary lung cancer between January 1985 and June 1996, we considered 57 (6.3%) to have a second primary lung cancer, which was synchronous in 28 cases (3.1%) and metachronous in 29 cases (3.2%). Five-year survival for patients with synchronous and metachronous disease from initial treatment of cancer was 70.3% and 66.0%, respectively. Survival after the development of a metachronous lesion was 32.9% at 5 years. Sixteen of the synchronous second tumors (57%) were detected on preoperative radiography or bronchoscopy and 11 (39%) at the time of operation. Survival of patients at stage I or II from treatment of a synchronous lesion (p = 0.002) and of a metachronous second lesion (p = 0.028) was significantly better compared with those at stage III or IV. Therefore it is important to carefully examine a synchronous lesion before and during the operation of a primary lung cancer and to perform close follow-up surveillance for early detection of a metachronous lesion. In treating multiple lung carcinomas consideration should always be given to performing precise staging, aggressive operative approach for early stage, and oncologically sound parenchymal sparing procedures. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115:836-40