The influence of laser micro- and nanostructuring on the wear resistance of Grade-2 titanium surface

The development of wear-resistant surfaces supports sustainable and long-term work of friction couples. In this paper, we demonstrated laser structuring as a method for increasing Grade-2 titanium surface wear resistanc

THE PREDICTORS OF PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE VASCULAR DISEASES

Study Objective. To assess predictors of pneumonia in patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: A retrospective analysis.Materials and methods. We reviewed archive data of 140 autopsy reports and medical histories of patients died from cardiovascular events to determine the frequency of pneumonia. The statistical analysis was used to derterman the connection between gender, age, duration of hospitalization, use of mechanical ventilation, central venous catheterization, presence of diabetes and COPD with the rate of pneumonia.Results and discussion. The study included 140 patients, of whom 84 (60,0%) with stroke in ischemic type 33 (23,6%) with stroke hemorrhagic type, and 23 (16.4%) with acute myocardial infarction. We examined the relationship of pneumonia with age, sex, duration of hospital stay, ventilator use, central venous catheterization, presence of diabetes and COPD. The average age of patients with pneumonia was 77±9 years, and without pneumonia 75±12 years. The average duration of hospitalization of the patients who died with pneumonia, was 13 (7,25; 25) days, and without pneumonia 3 (1; 10, and 25). Pneumonia developed in 39 (72,2%) males and 57 (66,3%) women. COPD was diagnosed in 98 (70%) patients. 19 patients (13,6%) patients have diabetes mellitus of the second type. CV catheterization was performed in 108 (77.1%) of the patient. In 83 (59.3%) patients during hospital treatment were on a artificial ventilation.Conclusion. The incidence of pneumonia increases depending on the duration of hospitalization, age, use of artificial ventilation. Gender, diabetes and COPD, central venous catheterization are not associated with the risk of pneumonia

Midwives: the evolution of legal status in the XVIII – early XX century.

In article on materials of the Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire and the code of laws of the Russian Empire examines the process of development of the legal status of midwives in the XVIII – early XX centuries concluded that the State took control of activities, training and dissemination on the territory of Russia of midwives, thereby providing them the legal and social status.В статье на материалах Полного собрания законов Российской империи и Свода законов Российской империи рассмотрен процесс развития правового статуса повивальных бабок в XVIII – начале XX вв. Сделан вывод о том, что Государство взяло под контроль деятельность, обучение и распространение по территории России повивальных бабок, тем самым обеспечив им правовой и социальный статус

T-cell number and subtype influence the disease course of primary chronic lymphocytic leukaemia xenografts in alymphoid mice.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells require microenvironmental support for their proliferation. This can be recapitulated in highly immunocompromised hosts in the presence of T cells and other supporting cells. Current primary CLL xenograft models suffer from limited duration of tumour cell engraftment coupled with gradual T-cell outgrowth. Thus, a greater understanding of the interaction between CLL and T cells could improve their utility. In this study, using two distinct mouse xenograft models, we investigated whether xenografts recapitulate CLL biology, including natural environmental interactions with B-cell receptors and T cells, and whether manipulation of autologous T cells can expand the duration of CLL engraftment. We observed that primary CLL xenografts recapitulated both the tumour phenotype and T-cell repertoire observed in patients and that engraftment was significantly shorter for progressive tumours. A reduction in the number of patient T cells that were injected into the mice to 2-5% of the initial number or specific depletion of CD8+ cells extended the limited xenograft duration of progressive cases to that characteristic of indolent disease. We conclude that manipulation of T cells can enhance current CLL xenograft models and thus expand their utility for investigation of tumour biology and pre-clinical drug assessment

Course of COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Regional Experience

Aim: to study the course of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) using the example of the region of the Republic of Tatarstan.Material and methods. The study included 101 patients diagnosed with IBD and COVID-19, who were observed in two infectious diseases hospitals in Kazan (Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan and City Clinical Hospital No. 7) and on an outpatient basis from April 2020 to March 2022. All patients underwent physical examination, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, including a PCR test for SARSCoV-2. Chest computed tomography was performed in patients with clinical signs of moderate to severe COVID-19.Results. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was diagnosed in 60 (59.4 %) patients, Crohn's disease (CD) — in 41 (40.6 %) patients. The mean age of the patients was 41.0 ± 14.7 years, of which 59 (58.4 %) were men and 42 (41.6 %) were women. A comparative analysis of patients with and without IBD and CT-verified lung disease was carried out. It was found that the development of viral pneumonia was influenced by age over 55 years (39.2 ± 9.7 vs. 46.3 ± 10.6, p < 0.05), increased Body Mass Index (BMI) (23.1 ± 5.35 vs. 30.25 ± 6.17, p < 0.05), hypertension (6 (8.3 %) vs. 8 (27.6 %), p < 0.05), diabetes mellitus (2 (2.7 %) vs. 5 (17.2 %), p < 0.05), the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of IBD (8 (11.1 %) vs. 10 (34.5 %), p < 0.05). In a comparative analysis of patients with IBD and COVID-19 from the SECURE-IBD database and own data, it was found that the average age of patients was comparable (42.7 vs 41.0). At the same time, in our group of male patients, there were slightly more people with DM, increased BMI, and an active course of IBD. The proportion of hospitalized patients was higher. In our cohort, there were fewer patients receiving biological therapy, but more patients on 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and systemic corticosteroids. At the same time, lethal outcomes were comparable.Conclusion. In patients with IBD, the development of viral pneumonia was influenced by known risk factors for COVID-19: age over 55 years (p < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) 3.153), increased BMI (p < 0.05, OR 1.667), hypertension  (p < 0.05, OR 2.724), diabetes (p < 0.05, OR 1.489), as well as the use of systemic corticosteroids (p < 0.05, OR 1.5)

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ РАКА ПОЧКИ В ПРИМОРСКОМ КРАЕ

Results of epidemiological study on kidney cancer incidence among the population of the Primorsky Krai are presented. Methods of mathematical statistics recommended by the Ministry of Public Health were used. Within the first 5 years of the period 1994 to 2008, thekidney cancer incidence rate increased from 8,3 0/0000 to 12,5 0/0000 in men and from 4,4 0/0000 to 6,6 0/0000 in women, being the 8th most common cancer in men and the 11th most common cancer in women. The highest incidence rate was observed at the age of 55–59 years. The kidney cancer incidence rate in children for the period 1994–2008 was 1,8 0/0000, reaching peak incidence at age 0–4. Kidney cancer is the third most common cancer following hemoblastosis and brain tumors in children of this age group.Представлены результаты эпидемиологического исследования заболеваемости раком почки населения Приморского края с учетом возраста и пола. Использовались методы математической статистики, рекомендуемые МЗ. За период 1994–2008 гг. заболе-ваемость раком почки выросла у мужчин с 8,3 0/0000 в первой пятилетке  рассматриваемого периода до 12,5 0/0000, у женщин с 4,8 0/0000 до 6,6 0/0000 соответственно. При этом в структуре онкологической заболеваемости эта локализация переместилась у мужчин с 10-го места на 8-е, у женщин – с 12-го на 11-е место. Самый высокий рост заболеваемости отмечен в возрасте 55–59 лет. Выявлен пик заболеваемости у детей в возрасте 0–4 года, который к 2004–2008 гг. составил 1,8 0/0000 и в структуре онкологической заболеваемости этой возрастной группы занял 3-е место после гемобластозов и опухолей головного мозга

ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ РАКОМ ПИЩЕВОДА В ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

During the period 2008–2011, esophageal cancer comprised 2,5 ± 0,2 % of all cases for males and 0,5 ± 0,1 % for females. Despite worldwide tendency towards decreased incidence of esophageal cancer, the rise in the age-standardized incidence rate was observed for both males and females of Tomsk region from 2000 to 2011. For males, the increase in both crude and age-standardized rates was registered. For females, the same tendency was observed in patients in the 50 to 64 age group.В 2008–2011 гг. в общей структуре заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями населения Томской области удельный вес рака пищевода составил у мужчин 2,5 ± 0,2 % (12-е место), у женщин – 0,5 ± 0,1 % (20-е место). Несмотря на мировую тенденцию по снижению заболеваемости РП, в регионе за период с 2000 по 2011 г. отмечается рост стандартизованных показателей заболеваемости на оба пола. При этом в мужской популяции наблюдается увеличение как интенсивных, так и стандартизованных показателей. Среди женщин аналогичная тенденция зафиксирована у лиц в возрасте от 50 до 64 лет