Studi Kelimpahan Aktinomisetes Tanah Dan Hubungannya Terhadap Enzim Selulase, Amilase, Total Karbon Dan Nitrogen Hutan Pasca Kebakaran Bukit Bangkirai Kalimantan Timur

Soil Actinomycetes Population, Enzymes Activity, and its Relation with Carbon and NitrogenContent, in Bukit Bangkirai, East Kalimantan. Bukit Bangkirai is one of the tropical forest inIndonesia have been exposed with intense forest fire. The affected forest is subjectivelydivided into three level of damages, heavily damage forest (HD), low damage forest (LD) andcontrol (K). The objective of this research was to observe the abundance of Actinomyceteswhich have important role in ecological process. Through decompotition of organic materialsand nutriens cycle. Actinomycetes were isolated and enumerated by SDS-YE method. CFU/ gsoil (x 104) in K, HD and LD are 41,86 ± 25,52, 16,09 ± 5,70 and 18,96 ± 4,19 respectively. Amylaseand cellulase were determined by DNS method. Carbon and Nitrogen total were determinatedby CN analyzer. The different of amylase, cellulase activities and abundace of Actinomycetesbetween HD, LD, and Control plot were not significant. However, carbon and nitrogen totalare different. LD plot has the highest carbon and nitrogen total, followed by control and HDplot. There has no significant different among plot observed may indicate microbial communitiesof soil in Bukit Bangkirai have been recovered

Identifikasi Molekular Dan Karakterisasi Morfo-Fisiologi Actinomycetes Penghasil Senyawa Antimikroba

The objectives of study were to identify antimicrobial producing Actinomycetes using 16S rDNA analyses and morphology and physiology characteristics. Eight Actinomycetes strain with the higest antibacterial and antifungal activity were selected and identified using six primers (20F, 520F, 920F, 1500R, 920R, and 520R). Morphological observation and physiology analyses were performed to the selected strain to accurately identify the strains. Morphological characters observed were aerial mycelium, spore chain, colony form, and pigment production. Physiological characterizations were antimicrobial properties, growth temperature, pH tolerance, salinity concentration for growth, sugars assimilation, and some enzymes production (arginine dihydrolase, urease, ß-glucosidase, protease, ß-galactosidase). Based on homology search by BLAST program and phylogenetic tree analyses, all of isolates were identified as the genus Streptomyces. They belong to eight different spesies. Isolates RC-SS-37-4, RC-SS-37-16 and BL-22-3 have been identified as Streptomyces costaricanus (100 %), Streptomyces costaricanus (99.8 %) and Streptomyces parvulus (98.6 %), respectively. Five isolates were identified as Streptomyces spp. (BL-36-1, BL-20-2, BL-14-2, BL-22-1 and BL-06-5) and can be presumed as new species because of the low homology value to their closest related spesies

Eksplorasi Keanekaragaman Aktinomisetes Tanah Ternate Sebagai Sumber Antibiotik

Exploration of Soil Actinomycetes Diversity from Ternate as Indigenous Antibiotic Sources.Actinomycetes of soil samples from Ternate, North Moluccas were isolated using SDS-YEmethod in humic acid vitamin agar. Ternate has high abundance of Actinomycetes, approximately6.00 – 487 x 104 CFU/ g soil, depends on habitat types. We have selected 60 isolates andconducted antibiotic screening against pathogenic bacteria and fungi using agar diffusionmethod and found both narrow and broad antibiotic spectrum types . Based on 16S rDNAanalysis, all Actinomycetes with antibiotic activities are belong to the genus Streptomyces. .Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) value was determined by broth microdilution method.It was found that MIC values varied, depended on microbial tested. We found two isolateswith higher antibiotic activity compared to the commercial antibiotics (chloramphenicol,erythromycin for antibacterial and nystatin, kabicidin for antifungal). Cell destruction analysiscaused antibiotic activities was conducted through leak of protein and nuclatic acid

Keragaman Aktinomisetes Kepulauan Waigeo, Kabupaten Raja Ampat, Papua Dan Potensinya Sebagai Pendegradasi Selulosadan Pelarut Fosfat [Actinomycetes Diversity in Waigeo Island, Raja Ampat Regency, Papua and Their Potentials as Cellulose Degradation and Phosphate Solubilization]

Some Actinomycetes isolated from Waigeo Raja Ampat Regency Papua have been identified. Those isolates were also characterized for their cellulolitic and phosphate solubilizing ability. Microscopic identification was based on Miyadoh (1997) and Holt (1994) methods.Actinomycetes could be identified by microscopic observation on spores, chain spore, hypha, aerial hypha and its pigmentation.The cellulolitic ability was observed by clear zone ratio in CMC medium and phosphate solubilizing activity by the same approach in Vikoskaya medium.From 139 Waigeo's Actinomycetes isolates which had been deposited in LIPI Microbial Collection (LIPIMC) were identified as 10 genera (Actinomadura, Actinoplanes, Microbiospora, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Pseudonocardia, Saccharopolispora, Streptomices, Streptosporangium and Thermomonospora). As much as 57.5% phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes and 82.7 % cellulolitic actinomycetes were detected

Kelimpahan dan Diversitas Aktinomisetes Tanah Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai Jawa Barat

ABSTRACTThe Abundance and Diversity of Soil Actinomycetes from Ciremai National Park West Java.Actinomycetes of soil samples from Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java were been isolatedby Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Yeast Extract (SDS YE) method in Humic Acid Vitamin Agar(HVA) medium. The colonies of actinomycetes were counted based on Total Plate Count(TPC). Diversity of actinomycetes were identified based on spore, chain spore, pigmentation,hypha and aerial hypha formation. The abundance of actinomycetes were 3,50 x104 – 71,50 x104CFU/g soil. Seven genus of actinomycetes were found, they were Streptomyces, Nocardia,Micromonospora, Microbiospora, Actinomadura, Actinoplanes, and Microtetraspora. Mostof them were distributed in 900 until 2500 m height above sea level. Streptomyces only knownin 2700, 2900 and 3057 m above sea level. Population of Streptomyces were predominant in allsoil types according to height, but were highest in 2500 m asl

Toksisitas Akut Oral Dua Senyawa Bisantrakuinon (+)-2,2\u27-episitoskirin a Dan (+)-1,1\u27-bislunatin [Oral Acute Toxicity of Two Bisanthraquinones (+)-2,2\u27-epicytoskyrin a and (+)-1,1\u27-bislunatin]

Bisanthraquinones (+) - 2,2\u27-epicytoskyrin A and (+) -1,1\u27bislunatin produced by the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 showed potent antibacterial activity on in-vitro test and have the opportunity to become new antibiotics candidates. The aspects of safety and toxicity of drug candidates have to be examined before applying to human. This study was conducted to determine the safety aspects of the compounds through acute oral toxicity testing in mice (Mus musculus). Acute toxicity of (+) - 2,2\u27-epicytoskyrin A and (+) - 1,1\u27-bislunatin evaluated by the method of Up and Down Procedure with limit test at a dose of 2000 mg / kg. Results of acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of (+) - 2,2\u27-epicytoskyrin A and (+) - 1,1\u27-bislunatin were of 1638.87 mg / kg and > 2000 mg / kg respectively. Administration of (+)- 2,2\u27-epicytoskyrin A resulted in increased miliari multifocal hepatitis, fatty degeneration and necrosis of liver cells, and the renal tubule epithelial degeneration. Administration of (+) - 1,1\u27-bislunatin at a dose of 2000 mg / kg resulted in multifocal accumulation of inflammatory cells in the liver and degeneration of cells in the islets of Langerhans although not resulting in death. The administration of those compounds indicated the changes in the organs, but based on the UN/ECE classification of LD50 value showed that (+) 2,2\u27- epicytoskyrin A and (+) -1,1\u27-bislunatin included as low acute toxicity substance