The Nurse's Caring Behavior on Multicultural Hospital Settings: A Literature Review

Introduction: Cultural diversity means a different ethnic group in a country or region; these conditions bring different beliefs and understandings to health care and has an impact on the caring behaviour of nurses. Objective: To describe caring behaviour of nurses on patients in multicultural settings in hospitals. Methods: A Literature review and used 5 comprehensive electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest and Garuda.  Results: 10 articles used in this research, 3 themes were analysed, including: forms, barriers, and nursing care strategies for multicultural patients. Forms of nurse caring such as understanding and focus on patient, cultural sensitivity, and verbal and non-verbal communication. The caring barriers were ethnocentrism, conflicting perceptions, lack of cultural knowledge, language differences, inadequate hospital facilities, religious differences, patient family behaviour, ineffective coping, and body exposure. The strategies were providing translators, increasing education, organizational support, and improving coping strategies. Conclusion: The researcher concludes that when nurses do caring, they must pay close attention to the culture of the patient, and the strategies found in this study can be used to reduce the barriers that occur while nurses were caring for multicultural patients so that the patient does not feel different during health care

Parenting Stress and Quality of Life of Special Need Chidren's Parents: A School Health Survey Among Disabled Children in Badean Bondowoso

The family with special need children experience children's dependency behavior. This situations related to parenting stress which affected parental quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation characteristic of parents and parenting stress and parental quality of life among special need children's parents. A cross sectional study design conducted among 52 parents with special need children in School of Disabled Children in Badean Bondowoso. A self-administered questionnaire including the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Indonesian version were used to assess parenting stress; and parental quality of life, respectively. Pearson Product Moment and Spearman Rank was performed to answer the objective of this study. The results showed that, there were no correlation between parenting stress and parental quality of life of special need children's parents (p >0.05). However, length of disability correlated with parenting stress (r = 0.339; p = 0.014). Meanwhile; parent's gender (Z = -2.089; p = 0.037), special need children's gender (Z = -2.102; p = 0.036), and number of childrens (r = -0.297; p = 0.033) were correlated with parental quality of life. This study concluded that characteristic of parents and children with special needs correlated with parental quality of life. Therefore, adaptive parenting environment should implement to reduce parenting stress. &nbsp