2,632 research outputs found
The Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance Debate
Much controversy surrounds the theoretical link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. Many different empirical studies have reached conclusions that this link is either positive, neutral, negative, or non-existent. In this paper, a thorough literature review is conducted seeking an explanation for the contradiction and disagreement present in current literature on the subject. Six key factors causing this contradiction were highlighted and examined in the review. A comprehensive understanding of the contradiction in this field will help researchers avoid historic pitfalls in future research, and may eventually lead to a definitive understanding of the financial implications of CSR. Much controversy surrounds the theoretical link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. Many different empirical studies have reached conclusions that this link is either positive, neutral, negative, or non-existent. In this paper, a thorough literature review is conducted seeking an explanation for the contradiction and disagreement present in current literature on the subject. Six key factors causing this contradiction were highlighted and examined in the review. A comprehensive understanding of the contradiction in this field will help researchers avoid historic pitfalls in future research, and may eventually lead to a definitive understanding of the financial implications of CSR
Oral History Interview: Gladyce K. Nunn
Mrs. Nunn is a retired school teacher who in 1974 was living in Oceana, West Virginia. In this interview, she focuses on her teaching experiences. Mrs. Nunn also reflects on the changes she has observed in education.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1119/thumbnail.jp
India: Reserve Requirements, GFC
As international funding sources dried up during the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC), businesses in India sought funds from domestic financial institutions, straining banks and lifting short-term lending rates. The liquidity pressure, coupled with sharp asset price corrections and rupee depreciation, restricted credit expansion in India. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) responded with a suite of liquidity measures, including cuts to its two reserve requirement ratios, the cash reserve ratio (CRR) and the statutory liquidity ratio (SLR). The RBI cut the CRR over the course of four months from October 2008 to January 2009, lowering the ratio from 9% to 5%. It cut the SLR once, from 25% to 24%, in November 2008. The RBI’s CRR and SLR cuts applied to most commercial banks and certain cooperatives and regional banks. The RBI did not remunerate CRR reserves, and it did not apply different ratios to different liabilities. The cuts released USD 32.7 billion into India’s financial system. The RBI raised the SLR to its pre-crisis levels in October 2009 and began raising the CRR again in March 2010. The International Monetary Fund said the cuts were “quick,” “fully warranted,” and led to looser credit conditions in India, in combination with other liquidity measures
Beyond the Witness: Bringing a Process Perspective
For centuries, the foundation of the Anglo-American trial has been the witness.\u27 Witnesses report on their personal observations, provide opinions of character, offer scientific explanations, and in the case of parties, narrate their own story. Indeed, even for documentary and other physical evidence, witnesses often provide the conduit through which such evidence reaches the factfinder. Documentary or physical evidence rarely stands on its own. The law of evidence has thus unsurprisingly focused on-or perhaps obsessed over-witnesses. The hearsay rule and the Confrontation Clause demand that declarants be available witnesses at trial so that they may be subject to cross-examination.\u27 Expert evidence rules emphasize an expert witness\u27s qualifications, bases, and methods.\u27 Even the framework for admitting photographs-evidence that is often self-explanatory-is witnesscentric. Trial practice commonly treats photographs as demonstrative evidence, reducing them to a mere illustration of the vouching witness\u27s testimony.
Our contention is that this witness-centered perspective is antiquated and counterproductive. It is a deeply limited and ultimately distortive lens through which the legal system views the evidence available in the modem world
The contested and contingent outcomes of Thatcherism in the UK
The death of Margaret Thatcher in April 2013 sparked a range of discussions and debates about the significance of her period in office and the political project to which she gave her name: Thatcherism. This article argues that Thatcherism is best understood as a symbolically important part of the emergence of first-phase neoliberalism. It engages with contemporary debates about Thatcherism among Marxist commentators and suggests that several apparently divergent positions can help us now reach a more useful analysis of Thatcherism’s short- and long-term outcomes for British political economy. The outcomes identified include: an initial crisis in the neoliberal project in the UK; the transformation of the party political system to be reflective of the politics of neoliberalism, rather than its contestation; long-term attempts at the inculcation of the neoliberal individual; de-industrialisation and financial sector dependence; and a fractured and partially unconscious working class. In all long-term outcomes, the contribution of Thatcherism is best understood as partial and largely negative, in that it cleared the way for a longer-term and more constructive attempt to embed neoliberal political economy. The paper concludes by suggesting that this analysis can inform current debates on the left of British politics about how to oppose and challenge the imposition of neoliberal discipline today
Efficient spatially-resolved multimode quantum memory
We propose a method that enables efficient storage and retrieval of a
photonic excitation stored in an ensemble quantum memory consisting of
Lambda-type absorbers with non-zero Stokes shift. We show that this can be used
to implement a multimode quantum memory storing multiple frequency-encoded
qubits in a single ensemble, and allowing their selective retrieval. The
read-out scheme applies to memory setups based on both
electromagnetically-induced transparency and stimulated Raman scattering, and
spatially separates the output signal field from the control fields
Multimode Memories in Atomic Ensembles
The ability to store multiple optical modes in a quantum memory allows for
increased efficiency of quantum communication and computation. Here we compute
the multimode capacity of a variety of quantum memory protocols based on light
storage in ensembles of atoms. We find that adding a controlled inhomogeneous
broadening improves this capacity significantly.Comment: Published version. Many thanks are due to Christoph Simon for his
help and suggestions. (This acknowledgement is missing from the final draft:
apologies!
Bending the Rules of Evidence
The evidence rules have well-established, standard textual meanings—meanings that evidence professors teach their law students every year. Yet, despite the rules’ clarity, courts misapply them across a wide array of cases: Judges allow past acts to bypass the propensity prohibition, squeeze hearsay into facially inapplicable exceptions, and poke holes in supposedly ironclad privileges. And that’s just the beginning.
The evidence literature sees these misapplications as mistakes by inept trial judges. This Article takes a very different view. These “mistakes” are often not mistakes at all, but rather instances in which courts are intentionally bending the rules of evidence. Codified evidentiary rules are typically rigid, leaving little room for judicial discretion. When unforgiving rules require exclusion of evidence that seems essential to a case, courts face a Hobson’s choice: Stay faithful to the rules, or instead preserve the integrity of the factfinding process. Frequently, courts have found a third way, claiming nominal fidelity to a rule while contorting it to ensure the evidence’s admissibility.
This Article identifies and explores this bending of the rules of evidence. After tracing rule bending across many evidence doctrines, the Article explores the normative roots of the problem. Codification has ossified evidence law, effectively driving judges underground in the search for solutions to their evidentiary dilemmas. Rather than trying to suppress rule bending, we advocate legitimizing it. Specifically, the Article proposes a residual exception that would enable trial courts to admit essential evidence in carefully defined circumstances. Such an exception would bring rule bending out of the shadows and into the light with benefits to transparency, legitimacy, and accountability. And perhaps most importantly, it will reestablish trial courts as a partner in the development of evidence law
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