Influence of financial liquidity on the competitiveness of defense industry enterprises

Purpose: The aim of the article was to analyse the correlation between financial liquidity and the competitiveness of enterprises from defense industry enterprises. Design/Methodology/Approach: The solutions were developed on the basis of literature analysis, case study, document analysis. As part of the case study were used diagnostic and prognostic sheets, as well as the analysis of source documents. The analysis of financial liquidity was performed using the induction method, which includes examination of details, generalization in the form of conclusions, synthetic evaluation and diagnosis. The time scope of the research covered the period 2015-2018. Four defense companies in the world were selected for the purpose of the research. Findings: The analysis of four enterprises from the defense industry shows connection between the financial situation (measured by liquidity ratios) and the competitiveness of the surveyed companies. The most stable company, one of the leading defense in the world, is Northrop Grumman. In turn, United Aircraft is characterized by a large dispersion of results and negative values of cash flows from operational activities. The article is also an overview of competitiveness, showing the diversity in managing the resources of an economic unit, and indicates practical guidelines for the use of methods and interpretation of the financial liquidity ratios of enterprises. Practical Implications: The results of the research can be used by company managers, both from the defense industry and others, to create mechanisms that increase competitiveness. Originality/Value: The study is a new contribution to research into the competitiveness of defense companies. The aspects of the competitiveness of defense enterprises on the basis of liquidity ratios remained beyond the area of scientific interest.peer-reviewe

Wykorzystanie metod badań marketingowych do oceny potencjału SZ RP. Test animalizacyjny

The article presents the possibilities of using the animalization test included in the marketing research methods (more broadly qualitative research) to carry out analyzes of the defense capabilities and the potential of threats. Information obtained by the application of this method is an illustrative assessment of potentials and can be used to verify quantitative data presenting the defense capabilities of the Republic of Poland.Artykuł przedstawia możliwości wykorzystania testu animalizacyjnego zaliczanego do metod badań marketingowych (szerzej badań jakościowych) do przeprowadzenia analiz potencjału obronnego i potencjału zagrożeń. Otrzymane w wyniku zastosowania tej metody informacje to poglądowa ocena potencjałów, która może posłużyć do weryfikacji danych ilościowych przedstawiających możliwości obronne RP

SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION ENERGY POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA

The importance of Central Asia region in energy market creates certain approach of Russian Federation. It infl uences not only situation in the region but also short and long term prospects of economic development of adjacent regions, i.e. North, East and South Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Russian economic policy determines and defi nes certain forms of international cooperation, which, in turn, results in its importance for international political relations. The article points out the essence of Russian Federation policy towards Central Asia and adjacent regions which consists in conducting geo-economic activities determining geo-political activities

THE IMAGE OF PIRACY AND MARITIME TERRORISM. THE MEDIA AS A TOOL FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

The subject of the article was the issue of shaping the image of piracy and maritime terrorism. Emphasis was put on the media, including those using information and communication technologies. The answers to problem questions were sought: (1) Who and why forms that image (2) what tools are used for its construction. The article presents the trends and development tendencies of the analyzed phenomena, based on the report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Furthermore, the results of surveys, conducted among students of military academies, on perception of piracy and maritime terrorism, are cited

CORE COMPETENCES OF PIRACY AND MARITIME TERRORISM

The intensity of the attacks, the level of violence, the scale of destruction in the maritime areas forces creation of certain security conditions. Recognizing the enemy - piracy and maritime terrorism - by identifying their resources, skills and competences is necessary action in building the safety of vessels and maritime infrastructure. Building competence of terrorist organization and maritime piracy requires the involvement of many interrelated resources and their proper coordination. It seems that, as in a business model, in these criminal organizations there are similar resources, skills and competences that determine the advantage and strategic value of the organization. However, the weight of each factor is different. The same assumption can be related to piracy and the activities of the terrorist organization at sea. The results of the study suggest that the main sources of success of analyzed criminal organizations generate harm for national security. In the case of piracy, they result from the following spheres: human capital, attributable to the skills capital; structural capital, belonging to innovation capital; relational capital, depending on customers' capital. As for terrorist activities, they stem from the spheres of: human capital, belonging to social capital; structural capital, attributable to the process capital; relational capital and determined by capital of standing out. In summary, this article is intended to show a terrorist organization and maritime piracy through the prism of resources theory, skills and competences of strategic management. As one of the first, it places many questions, formulate some theses in the area of competences of organizations. Answering the questions, verification of posed theses, requires also in-depth research that will be published in subsequent works

Analysis of development trends in the energy sector and their impact on the gas sector

Gospodarki wielu państw we współczesnym świecie przechodzą istotne przeobrażenia u podstaw których leżą megatrendy wynikające ze zmian o charakterze politycznym, ekologicznym, militarnym, społecznym, ekonomicznym czy technologicznym. Jednym z głównych sektorów, który zmienia się zasadniczo i wywiera wpływ na funkcjonowanie całej gospodarki jest sektor energetyczny. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie trendów rozwojowych determinujących zmiany w funkcjonowaniu sektora energetycznego, a w nim sektora gazowego. Na potrzeby badań wykorzystano metodę PESTL (ang. Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal). Czynniki przedstawiono w kontekście szans i zagrożeń w perspektywie czasowej: 2030, 2040 i 2050.The economies of many countries in the modern world are undergoing significant transformations underpinned by megatrends resulting from political, environmental, military, social, economic or technological changes. One of the main sectors that is fundamentally changing and affecting the functioning of the entire economy is the energy sector. The purpose of this article is to present the development trends determining changes in the functioning of the energy sector and within it the gas sector. For the purpose of the study, the PESTL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal) analysis method was used. The factors were presented in the context of opportunities and threats in the time perspective: 2030, 2040 i 2050

Development and energy use generators on the battlefield

Armia stale rozwija zdolności na polu walki we wszystkim domenach i w wielu aspektach. Dotyczy to również kwestii Energii Pola Walki (EPW, ang. battlefield energy) – obszaru wielodomenowego, ścisłe powiązanego z logistyką i funkcjonowaniem sprzętu. Wiele krajów intensywnie angażuje się w rozwój i produkcję różnorodnego sprzętu wojskowego napędzanego energią elektryczną, od wyposażenia indywidualnego po pojazdy, statki powietrzne czy jednostki dla Marynarki Wojennej. Najnowsze osiągnięcia naukowe dotyczące technologii powiązanej z energią umożliwiają znaczne wydłużenie efektywności i czasu działania nie tylko sensorów, podzespołów, ale i całych systemów uzbrojenia. Energia na polu walki zabiera nowego znaczenia strategicznego i jest jednym z elementów rozwoju domeny cichej, wyposażenia i sprzętu o znacznie obniżonej sygnaturze akustycznej. Rozwój EPW wpisuje się także w działania związane z redukcją emisji CO2 i zmniejszaniem zależności od paliw kopalnych. Zmiany w EPW są wynikiem oddziaływań płynących z wielu obszarów: prawnych, politycznych, technologicznych, ekonomicznych czy militarnych. Celem artykułu jest określenie kluczowych determinantów otoczenia wpływających na rozwój i wykorzystanie EPW. Do ich opisania wykorzystano odmianę metody analizy otoczenia PEST (ang. Political, Economic, Social, Technological) – PLMTE (ang. Political, Legal, Military, Technological, Economic).The Army is constantly developing battlefield capabilities in all domains and in many aspects. This includes the issue of battlefield energy, a multi-domain area closely linked to logistics and equipment operation. Many countries are intensively involved in the development and production of a variety of military equipment powered by electricity, from individual equipment to vehicles, aircraft or units for the Navy. The latest scientific advances in energy-related technology make it possible to significantly extend the efficiency and operating time of not only sensors, components, but also entire weapons systems. Energy on the battlefield is taking on a new strategic importance and is one of the elements in the development of the silent domain, equipment and hardware with a significantly reduced acoustic signature. The development of battlefield energy is also part of efforts to cut CO2 emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Changes in battlefield energy are the result of influences coming from many areas: legal, political, technological, economic or military. The purpose of this article is to identify the key determinants of the environment affecting the development and use of battlefield energy. A variation of the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) - PLMTE (Political, Legal, Military, Technological, Economic) environment analysis method was used to describe them