Support at Work and Home: The Path to Satisfaction Through Balance

This study examines social support (from both coworkers and partners) and its path to satisfaction through work–family balance. This study fills a gap by explaining how support impacts satisfaction in the same domain, across domains, and how it crosses over to impact the partner\u27s domain. Using a matched dataset of 270 job incumbents and their partners, the findings reveal that work–family balance plays a mediating role in assisting social support\u27s contribution to both job and family satisfaction. Evidence indicates that employees experience heightened work–family balance due to social support from partners and coworkers and that support and balance impact satisfaction in both the work and family domains. Implications of these findings and avenues for future research are discussed

Representative cross-sectional and longitudinal characteristics of soleus muscle fibers in <i>mdx</i> and WT mice.

<p>Immunohistochemical procedures were performed to stain myonuclei (blue) using Hoechst 33342 and laminin (green) using rabbit anti-laminin antibodies (Sigma, USA). <i>mdx</i>: dystrophin-deficient mice, WT: wild type mice, CTX: cardiotoxin, type P and C+P fibers: muscle fibers with myonuclear distribution at only peripheral and both central and peripheral regions, respectively. The characteristics of type C+P fibers were classified into 5 groups according to the percent distribution of central nuclei per single fiber; 0<∼20%, ∼40%, ∼60%, ∼80%, and ∼<100%. Greater differences were also noted in the fiber sizes of <i>mdx</i> mouse muscle.</p

Percent distribution of fibers according to the distribution of central nuclei per single fiber.

<p>Mean ± SEM. *, †, and §: p<0.05 vs. control muscle, type P fibers, and ∼40% central-nucleated fibers, respectively. Numbers shown in parentheses indicate the observed animal number out of 5 animals. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034557#pone-0034557-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> for the abbreviations.</p

Photographs and percent distribution of branched fibers.

<p>Red and yellow dots show the myonuclei and green color shows the cytoplasm. Mean ± SEM. *, †, and §: p<0.05 vs. control muscle, Norm of WT, and CTX of WT. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034557#pone-0034557-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034557#pone-0034557-g002" target="_blank">2</a> for the abbreviations.</p

Responses of myonuclear distribution to over-loading and/or CTX injection.

<p>The percentages of fibers with different distribution of myonuclei, which were analyzed in whole fiber sampled from tendon-to-tendon, are shown. All of the fibers in the normal muscle without CTX injection (Norm) of WT mice were peripheral-nucleated (type P). Mean ± SEM. *, †, and §: p<0.05 vs. control side, Norm of WT in each type P and C+P fiber, and CTX of WT, respectively. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034557#pone-0034557-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> for other abbreviations.</p

Effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab in achieving clinical and functional remission, and sustaining efficacy in biologics-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The FIRST Bio study

<p><i>Objective</i>: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in biologic-naive Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in real-world settings, and to analyze the relationship between disease duration and clinical outcomes.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: The FIRST Bio study was a postmarketing surveillance study of intravenous TCZ in biologics-naive patients who had a prior inadequate response or were intolerant to ≥1 conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD). Effectiveness, safety, and concomitant csDMARD administration were assessed.</p> <p><i>Results</i>: Of the 839 patients analyzed, 72.3% completed 52 weeks of treatment. The Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission rate at week 52 was 36.8%. Contributing factors for CDAI remission were younger age, early disease stage, and no comorbidities. Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index ≤0.5 was achieved in 65.1% of patients, and was significantly associated with disease duration. Discontinuation of concomitant methotrexate (MTX) and glucocorticoids (GCs) was possible in 19.3% and 34.1% of patients, respectively, without decreasing remission rate. The incidence (events/100 patient-years) of serious adverse events was 18.09, the most common being infection.</p> <p><i>Conclusion</i>: These data validate the importance of TCZ treatment in the early stages of RA in biologic-naive patients to achieve increased effectiveness. The safety profile of TCZ was reconfirmed. Furthermore, TCZ therapy may allow discontinuation of concomitant MTX and GCs without affecting remission.</p

Tentative diagnostic criteria and disease severity classification for Castleman disease: A report of the research group on Castleman disease in Japan

<p><b>Objectives:</b> To determine the tentative diagnostic criteria and disease severity classification for Castleman disease (CD) and describe the clinical and pathologic features among human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) negative idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD) in the Japanese population.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We established the working groups for the research of CD in Japan and had meetings to discuss and define the tentative diagnostic criteria and disease severity classification for CD. We subsequently analyzed 142 patients classified into iMCD by using the nationwide Japanese patient registry.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> We proposed the preliminary diagnostic criteria and disease severity classification for CD based on our discussion. In addition, we made a proposal for the disease activity score. We identified clinical and pathological features of patients with iMCD diagnosed by these diagnostic criteria. In the disease severity classification, 37, 33 and 30% patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe diseases, respectively.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> This is the first proposal for diagnosis and classification of CD by the Japanese group. Further studies are required to validate whether they can distinguish CD from other inflammatory diseases and to determine their sensitivity and specificity.</p

Design of the GWAS and multi-stage replication studies for SLE in Japanese subjects.

<p>A total of 2,278 SLE cases and 31,948 controls were enrolled. The clinical characteristics of the subjects are summarized in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002455#pgen.1002455.s003" target="_blank">Table S1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002455#pgen.1002455.s004" target="_blank">S2</a>. Details of the genome-wide scan data for SLE referenced in the <i>in silico</i> SNP selection 2 are described elsewhere (Tahira T et al. Presented at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, October 21, 2009).</p

Results of a genome-wide association study for Japanese patients with SLE.

a<p>SNPs that satisfied the threshold of <i>P</i><5.0×10⁻⁸ were indicated.</p>b<p>Based on forward strand of NCBI Build 36.3.</p><p>SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; OR, odds ratio.</p

Results of combined study for Japanese patients with SLE.

a<p>Defined using gene expression data measured in lymphoblastoid B cell lines <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002455#pgen.1002455-Stranger1" target="_blank">[28]</a>.</p