Description of study population.

<p>Description of study population.</p

Interrelationships in the Variability of Root Canal Anatomy among the Permanent Teeth: A Full-Mouth Approach by Cone-Beam CT

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>In endodontic practice, clinicians should be aware of possible root canal anatomic variations. The aim of this study was to assess using CBCT acquisitions regarding whether one root canal anatomy of a tooth is associated with a specific anatomy of another tooth.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A total of 106 CBCT acquisitions were obtained using a CBCT scanner with 200μm voxel size. Numbers of roots and canals of the entire dentition were described. Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions were conducted to explore root canal anatomy on one tooth according to age, gender, jaw, side and the others teeth. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was performed to correlate the different numbers of canals profiles.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 2424 teeth were analyzed. Independently from the other variables, the presence of an additional root canal on a mandibular incisor increases the risk of having an additional root canal on a mandibular premolar (OR _[95%] 3.7 [1.0;13.2]). The mandibular molar variability increases in women compared to men (OR _[95%] 0.4 [0.1; 0.9]). MCA showed correspondence between 2-canals maxillary incisor and canines and 5-canals maxillary molars, and some correlation between additional canal on maxillary and mandibular premolars.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Although CBCT examinations are conducted in the first intention of making a diagnosis or prognostic evaluation, medium FOV acquisitions could be used as an initial database thus furnishing preliminary evaluations and information. In endodontic practice, clinicians should be aware of possible root canal anatomic variations. The visualization of all canals is considered essential in endodontic therapy. The use of multi-correspondence analysis for statistics in endodontic research is a new approach as a prognostic tool.</p></div

Multiple correspondence analysis MCA.

<p>When the tooth was absent, the number of canals was considered as a new category “s” to be included in the 102 observations analysis of the MCA.</p

Details about the number of canals and roots observed in the medium field of view cone-beam CT acquisitions.

<p>Details about the number of canals and roots observed in the medium field of view cone-beam CT acquisitions.</p

Proportion of tooth groups which have at least a difference from the average dental anatomy presented in Table 2.

<p>Proportion of tooth groups which have at least a difference from the average dental anatomy presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165329#pone.0165329.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Results from logistic regression analysis (90 observations).

<p>Results from logistic regression analysis (90 observations).</p

Craniotomies.

<p>(A) Examples of subhorizontal to suboblique craniotomies from the Jacobins’ convent. (B) Details of bone lesions from the skull in grave 1189: (1) sawing marks, (2) fine grooves due to the removal of the teguments. (C) Illustration of Dionis’s recommended process (1765).</p

Inventory of post-mortem cuts and / or saw marks on bones

<p>Inventory of post-mortem cuts and / or saw marks on bones</p

The Post mortem Surgical Operation on Louise de Quengo's Body.

<p>(A) View of the top half of Louise de Quengo's body, partially unclothed. (B) The thorax was cut into with two large incisions in the shape of a cross: one extending from the suprasternal notch to just above the navel, the other, perpendicular to the first, beneath the chest, in front of the lower ribs. The integuments were partially folded over to allow access to the sterno-costal cartilage (2 to 12), which was then severed with clean, bilateral cuts. The breastplate was lifted, giving access to the organs and allowing the diaphragm cupola to be severed (C). A vertical cut, 5 cm long, was made on the left side of the pericardial sac (D). Inside the pericardial cavity, the aorta and the pulmonary artery, whose supravalvular portions remained intact, were ligated shut with two separate ties using thread similar to that used to close the incision in the thorax. The principal blood vessels were severed and the pericardial sac emptied of its contents. The breastplate was repositioned, the soft tissues put back in, and the abdominal-thoracic incision crudely sewn closed.</p

Materials.

<p>(A) The body of Louise de Quengo in her lead coffin. (B) The body of Louis Bruslon du Plessis wrapped in two cloth shrouds tightly held in place with a rope. (C) Lead urns containing hearts. Inscriptions: (1) None; (2) "<i>[…] erine […] tournemine […] / […] D […] vaucler […] / juillet 1584</i>"; (3) "♥ <i>DU FIS DE MR DE LA BOESSIE/RE /1626/</i> "; (4) "<i>[…] ESTRE […] ANT DE LA PORTE / […]ONSME DV […] E […] SIDANT / […] PARLEMENT […] BRETAIGNE / […] R DARTOI […] / […] LE 7me MAY 1655</i>"; (5) "<i>Cy git le Coeur de [</i>…<i>] Toussainct de / Perrien Chevalier de Brefeillac &c / Dont le Corps repose [</i>…<i>] Sauveur / Pres Carhay Convent des Carmes / Deschaus qu'il a fonde et mourut / à Rennes le 30me aouft 1649</i>".</p