38 research outputs found
Optical Vortex Induced Rotation of Silver Nanowires
Optical manipulation of metal nanowires
offers the possibility
to control the position, orientation, and associated motions of individual
nanowires, particularly by utilizing their plasmonic properties. Here,
we demonstrate that the orbital angular momentum of photons in LaguerreâGauss
(optical vortex) beams can induce rotation of single silver (Ag) nanowires
with lengths of over 10 ÎŒm that are lying on (in molecular proximity
to) a dielectric surface. We show that the rotation dynamics are governed
by plasmonic interactions of the Ag nanowires with linearly polarized
light, which yield a sinusoidal optical torque that causes angular
acceleration. These results provide important information to understand
the angular dependence of plasmonic nanowireâlight interactions
and extend the repertoire to realize applications in plasmonic lab-on-a-chip
systems
Optical Printing of Electrodynamically Coupled Metallic Nanoparticle Arrays
Optical forces acting on metallic
nanoparticles can be used to organize mesoscale arrays for various
applications. Here, we show that silver nanoparticles can be deposited
as ordered arrays and chains on chemically modified substrates using
a simple and facile optical trapping approach that we term âoptical
printingâ. The deposited patterns show preferred separations
between nanoparticles resulting from their electrodynamic coupling
(i.e., optical binding) in the electromagnetic field of the optical
trapping beam. Centrosymmetric optical traps readily allow simultaneous
deposition of nanoparticle pairs and triples maintaining the interparticle
geometries present in solution. Repositioning an optical line trap
with small intercolumn separations allows selectively sampling low
and high energy parts of the interparticle potentials. We find that
the preferred particle arrangements controllably change from rectangular
and triangular to near-field aggregates as one forces the separation
to be small. The separation affects the interactions. Interpretation
of the results is facilitated by electrodynamic simulations of optical
forces. This optical printing approach, which enables efficient fabrication
of dense nanoparticle arrays with nanoscale positional precision,
is being employed for quantum optics and enhanced sensing measurements
Self-Organizing Arrays of Size Scalable Nanoparticle Rings
A central
challenge in nano- and mesoscale materials research is
facile formation of specific structures for catalysis, sensing, and
photonics. Self-assembled equilibrium structures, such as three-dimensional
crystals or ordered monolayers, form as a result of the interactions
of the constituents. Other structures can be achieved by imposing
forces (fields) and/or boundary conditions, which Whitesides termed
âself-organizationâ. Here, we demonstrate contact line
pinning on locally curved surfaces (<i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., a self-assembled monolayer of SiO<sub>2</sub> colloidal particles)
as a boundary condition to create extended arrays of uniform rings
of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the SiO<sub>2</sub> colloids. The mechanism
differs from the well-known âcoffee-ringâ effect; here
the functionalized NPs deposit at the contact line and are not driven
by evaporative transport. Thus, NP ring formation depends on the hydrophobicity
and wetting of the SiO<sub>2</sub> colloids by the chloroform solution,
ligands on the NPs, and temperature. The NP rings exhibit size scaling
behavior, maintaining a constant ratio of NP ring-to-colloid diameter
(from 300 nm to 2 ÎŒm). The resultant high-quality NP ring structures
are expected to have interesting photonic properties
Self-Organizing Arrays of Size Scalable Nanoparticle Rings
A central
challenge in nano- and mesoscale materials research is
facile formation of specific structures for catalysis, sensing, and
photonics. Self-assembled equilibrium structures, such as three-dimensional
crystals or ordered monolayers, form as a result of the interactions
of the constituents. Other structures can be achieved by imposing
forces (fields) and/or boundary conditions, which Whitesides termed
âself-organizationâ. Here, we demonstrate contact line
pinning on locally curved surfaces (<i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., a self-assembled monolayer of SiO<sub>2</sub> colloidal particles)
as a boundary condition to create extended arrays of uniform rings
of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the SiO<sub>2</sub> colloids. The mechanism
differs from the well-known âcoffee-ringâ effect; here
the functionalized NPs deposit at the contact line and are not driven
by evaporative transport. Thus, NP ring formation depends on the hydrophobicity
and wetting of the SiO<sub>2</sub> colloids by the chloroform solution,
ligands on the NPs, and temperature. The NP rings exhibit size scaling
behavior, maintaining a constant ratio of NP ring-to-colloid diameter
(from 300 nm to 2 ÎŒm). The resultant high-quality NP ring structures
are expected to have interesting photonic properties
Rotation and Negative Torque in Electrodynamically Bound Nanoparticle Dimers
We
examine the formation and concomitant rotation of electrodynamically
bound dimers (EBD) of 150 nm diameter Ag nanoparticles trapped in
circularly polarized focused Gaussian beams. The rotation frequency
of an EBD increases linearly with the incident beam power, reaching
mean values of âŒ4 kHz for relatively low incident powers of
14 mW. Using a coupled-dipole/effective polarizability model, we reveal
that retardation of the scattered fields and electrodynamic interactions
can lead to a ânegative torqueâ causing rotation of
the EBD in the direction opposite to that of the circular polarization.
This intriguing opposite-handed rotation due to negative torque is
clearly demonstrated using electrodynamics-Langevin dynamics simulations
by changing particle separations and thus varying the retardation
effects. Finally, negative torque is also demonstrated in experiments
from statistical analysis of the EBD trajectories. These results demonstrate
novel rotational dynamics of nanoparticles in optical matter using
circular polarization and open a new avenue to control orientational
dynamics through coupling to interparticle separation
Dynamics of the Optically Directed Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanoplatelet Arrays
The tremendous progress
in nanoscience now allows the creation
of static nanostructured materials for a broad range of applications.
A further goal is to achieve dynamic and reconfigurable nanostructures.
One approach involves nanoparticle-based optical matter, but so far,
studies have only considered spherical constituents. A nontrivial
issue is that nanoparticles with other shapes are expected to have
different local electromagnetic field distributions and interactions
with neighbors in optical-matter arrays. Therefore, one would expect
their dynamics to be different as well. This paper reports the directed
assembly of ordered arrays of gold nanoplatelets in optical line traps,
demonstrating the reconfigurability of the array by altering the phase
gradient via holographic-beam shaping. The weaker gradient forces
and resultant slower motion of the nanoplatelets, as compared with
plasmonic (Ag and Au) nanospheres, allow the precise study of their
assembly and disassembly dynamics. Both temporal and spatial correlations
are detected between particles separated by distances of hundreds
of nanometers to several microns. Electrodynamics simulations reveal
the presence of multipolar plasmon modes that induce short-range (near-field)
and longer-range electrodynamic (e.g., optical binding) interactions.
These interactions and the interferences between mutipolar plamon
modes cause both the strong correlations and the nonuniform dynamics
observed. Our study demonstrates new opportunities for the generation
of complex addressable optical matter and the creation of novel active
optical technology
Why Single-Beam Optical Tweezers Trap Gold Nanowires in Three Dimensions
Understanding whether noble-metal nanostructures can be trapped optically and under what conditions will enable a range of applications that exploit their plasmonic properties. However, there are several nontrivial issues that first need to be resolved. A major one is that metal particles experience strong radiation pressure in optical beams, while stable optical trapping requires an attractive force greater than this radiation pressure. Therefore, it has generally been considered impossible to obtain sufficiently strong gradient forces using single-beam optical tweezers to trap relatively large metal nanostructures in three dimensions. Here we demonstrate that a single, tightly focused laser beam with a wavelength of 800 nm can achieve three-dimensional optical trapping of individual gold (Au) nanowires with lengths over 2 ÎŒm. Nanowires can be trapped by the beam at one of their ends, in which case they undergo significant angular fluctuations due to Brownian motion of the untrapped end. They can also be trapped close to their midpoints, in which case they are oriented approximately perpendicular to the light polarization direction. The behavior is markedly different from that of Ag nanowires with similar length and diameter, which cannot be trapped in three dimensions by a single focused Gaussian beam. Our results, including electrodynamics simulations that help to explain our experimental findings, suggest that the conventional wisdom, which holds that larger metal particles cannot be trapped, needs to be replaced with an understanding based on the details of plasmon resonances in the particles
Dynamics of the Optically Directed Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanoplatelet Arrays
The tremendous progress
in nanoscience now allows the creation
of static nanostructured materials for a broad range of applications.
A further goal is to achieve dynamic and reconfigurable nanostructures.
One approach involves nanoparticle-based optical matter, but so far,
studies have only considered spherical constituents. A nontrivial
issue is that nanoparticles with other shapes are expected to have
different local electromagnetic field distributions and interactions
with neighbors in optical-matter arrays. Therefore, one would expect
their dynamics to be different as well. This paper reports the directed
assembly of ordered arrays of gold nanoplatelets in optical line traps,
demonstrating the reconfigurability of the array by altering the phase
gradient via holographic-beam shaping. The weaker gradient forces
and resultant slower motion of the nanoplatelets, as compared with
plasmonic (Ag and Au) nanospheres, allow the precise study of their
assembly and disassembly dynamics. Both temporal and spatial correlations
are detected between particles separated by distances of hundreds
of nanometers to several microns. Electrodynamics simulations reveal
the presence of multipolar plasmon modes that induce short-range (near-field)
and longer-range electrodynamic (e.g., optical binding) interactions.
These interactions and the interferences between mutipolar plamon
modes cause both the strong correlations and the nonuniform dynamics
observed. Our study demonstrates new opportunities for the generation
of complex addressable optical matter and the creation of novel active
optical technology
Dynamics of the Optically Directed Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanoplatelet Arrays
The tremendous progress
in nanoscience now allows the creation
of static nanostructured materials for a broad range of applications.
A further goal is to achieve dynamic and reconfigurable nanostructures.
One approach involves nanoparticle-based optical matter, but so far,
studies have only considered spherical constituents. A nontrivial
issue is that nanoparticles with other shapes are expected to have
different local electromagnetic field distributions and interactions
with neighbors in optical-matter arrays. Therefore, one would expect
their dynamics to be different as well. This paper reports the directed
assembly of ordered arrays of gold nanoplatelets in optical line traps,
demonstrating the reconfigurability of the array by altering the phase
gradient via holographic-beam shaping. The weaker gradient forces
and resultant slower motion of the nanoplatelets, as compared with
plasmonic (Ag and Au) nanospheres, allow the precise study of their
assembly and disassembly dynamics. Both temporal and spatial correlations
are detected between particles separated by distances of hundreds
of nanometers to several microns. Electrodynamics simulations reveal
the presence of multipolar plasmon modes that induce short-range (near-field)
and longer-range electrodynamic (e.g., optical binding) interactions.
These interactions and the interferences between mutipolar plamon
modes cause both the strong correlations and the nonuniform dynamics
observed. Our study demonstrates new opportunities for the generation
of complex addressable optical matter and the creation of novel active
optical technology
Dynamics of the Optically Directed Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanoplatelet Arrays
The tremendous progress
in nanoscience now allows the creation
of static nanostructured materials for a broad range of applications.
A further goal is to achieve dynamic and reconfigurable nanostructures.
One approach involves nanoparticle-based optical matter, but so far,
studies have only considered spherical constituents. A nontrivial
issue is that nanoparticles with other shapes are expected to have
different local electromagnetic field distributions and interactions
with neighbors in optical-matter arrays. Therefore, one would expect
their dynamics to be different as well. This paper reports the directed
assembly of ordered arrays of gold nanoplatelets in optical line traps,
demonstrating the reconfigurability of the array by altering the phase
gradient via holographic-beam shaping. The weaker gradient forces
and resultant slower motion of the nanoplatelets, as compared with
plasmonic (Ag and Au) nanospheres, allow the precise study of their
assembly and disassembly dynamics. Both temporal and spatial correlations
are detected between particles separated by distances of hundreds
of nanometers to several microns. Electrodynamics simulations reveal
the presence of multipolar plasmon modes that induce short-range (near-field)
and longer-range electrodynamic (e.g., optical binding) interactions.
These interactions and the interferences between mutipolar plamon
modes cause both the strong correlations and the nonuniform dynamics
observed. Our study demonstrates new opportunities for the generation
of complex addressable optical matter and the creation of novel active
optical technology