Neo-Carbon Energy World : What Opportunities for Chile? Neo-Carbon Energy Futures Clinique IV

This report presents the results of the “Neo-Carbon Energy World – What Opportunities for Chile?”, a futures clinique organised at the Chilean Intellectual Property Institute INAPI in Santiago de Chile 24th October 2016, jointly by Finland Futures Research Centre of the University of Turku and Consejo Chileno Prospectiva y Estrategia (CChPE). Chile is a case study conducted in the foresight part of the Neo-Carbon Energy project. Chile is a country with robust renewable energy resources, which has received high attention by international investors and has led to a dramatic increase in the uptake of solar energy in the country. Chile is also a pioneer in economic development in Latin America, thanks to its steady political and economic conditions. The country keeps on investing in education to catalyze socio-economic development, but remains underpinned by the deepest inequalities in OECD countries

Neo-Carbon Energy World - What Opportunities for Chile?: Neo-Carbon Energy Futures Clinique IV

This report presents the results of the “Neo-Carbon Energy World – What Opportunities for Chile?”, a futures clinique organised at the Chilean Intellectual Property Institute INAPI in Santiago de Chile 24th October 2016, jointly by Finland Futures Research Centre of the University of Turku and Consejo Chileno Prospectiva y Estrategia (CChPE). Chile is a case study conducted in the foresight part of the Neo-Carbon Energy project. Chile is a country with robust renewable energy resources, which has received high attention by international investors and has led to a dramatic increase in the uptake of solar energy in the country. Chile is also a pioneer in economic development in Latin America, thanks to its steady political and economic conditions. The country keeps on investing in education to catalyze socio-economic development, but remains underpinned by the deepest inequalities in OECD countries. In the Futures Clinique, four transformative scenarios of 2050 of the Neo-Carbon Energy research project were used to analyse the relevance and opportunities of the energy transformation with renewable energy technologies in Chile. In the group work, each group worked on one of the four scenarios (Radical Start-ups, Techemots, Do-It-Yourself Green Engineers, New Consciousness) to reflect the significance of this scenario to Chile. The participants of the Radical Startups group emphasized that the startup culture and enabling political focus have not taken up yet. No matter the nature and scale of an organization, they should put more effort in citizen wellbeing and societal needs. Those analyzing the Value-Driven Techemoths scenario found that at the moment, there are few Chilean technology companies. However, there are large enterprises in the country, in the hands of a few powerful families. A trajectory where their position strengthens would not automatically be beneficial to the society, unless these companies genuinely commit to commonly shared values of environmental protection, climate change mitigation, and social wellbeing. The Green DIY Engineers group found that their scenario was unfit as such for the Chilean context. Individual households were deemed as too small units and instead small towns and communities were seen as more suitable sized units for the do-it-yourself context. If these towns would have low hierarchies and that authorities that act based on local needs, such a model would be equitable and provide sustainable development for the country. According to the New Consciousness group, values would have to change considerably and citizendriven change would have be re-established. As a profound, cross-cutting aim that drives the nation, deep ecological New Consciousness would be supported with open governance and new institutions of horizontal governance ensure the uptake of renewable energy and quality of life extremely locally. As a conclusion, energy is a complex phenomenon, and a revolutionary transformation of a sector as broad brings up its complex nature that touches upon social, economic, cultural and environmental values and norms. Economic diversification in a resource-dependent economy such as Chile requires 6 restructuring of the system. Simultaneously, decentralized energy production, such as the Neo-Carbon Energy project suggests, urges courage and trust, something that Chileans claim they often miss. Peerto-peer mentality might be more difficult to adapt than ecological consciousness, as the political history, socio-economic inequality and culture constantly challenge trust and credibility. Government and public organizations that are distant to the needs and hopes of citizens are awarded with skepticism. If the country wants to be a pioneer of the renewable energy industry in Latin America, it should also question the ownership of the projects and investments as they are now, since all of them are currently foreign. For further research, we are looking more deeply into the transformation of the renewable energy sector and the discussion as of now. It is also necessary to understand any previous social change processes in Chile and see whether the abovementioned features are evident there too. The question of national ownership of the process is similarly interesting. The Clinique process and scenarios need to be reviewed critically particularly when bringing into a new socio-cultural or economic context. The analysis phase needs to specified and determined better to avoid subjective perceptions. However, this exercise showcased well the loopholes and strengths of the method in a foreign context, and brought new perspective of thinking about the future to tens of energy sector experts in Chile with rather little experience on participative and innovative working processes. </p

Dynaaminen museo ja tulevaisuusperintöverstas. Käsikirja museoiden ekososiaaliseen sivistystyöhön

Museot voivat olla kestävän tulevaisuuden tekijöitä yhdessä ihmisten kanssa. DYNAMO-hankkeen verkkojulkaisu antaa uusia menetelmiä museoiden aiempaa aktiivisempaan yhteiskunnalliseen rooliin. Niissä yhdistyvät nykyinen kestävyysmurroksen tavoittelu, eri aikojen murroksien merkitykselliset asiat ja museoiden kyky osallistaa ihmisiä näiden äärelle. DYNAMO eli 'Dynaaminen museo ja tulevaisuusperintöverstas ekologisen jälleenrakentamisen työkaluiksi' on Sitran ja Museoviraston rahoittama tutkimushanke, joka toteutettiin Turun yliopiston Tulevaisuuden tutkimuskeskuksen, Itä-Suomen yliopiston ja Suomen Metsämuseo Luston yhteistyönä 1.8.2020–31.3.2022 välisenä aikana

The future in sustainability transitions - Interlinkages between the multi-level perspective and futures studies

Highlights • Aiding the theoretical understanding of how sustainable change can take place. • Showcasing conceptual and methodological common points of futures studies and multi-level perspective. • Suggesting to use historical development paths in MLP and building towards the future with combined methods. • Scenario building and backcasting as the most prominent methods to link the two approaches in practice. • New effort to link the two approaches that could open up novel ways in building preferred futures.This article focuses on a key framework of sustainability transition studies, the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions (MLP), and its potential and relationships with futures studies. We propose that there are various co-benefits in creating convergence between the two fields of study. Out of established frameworks in sustainability transition studies we focus on MLP due to its popularity and flexibility in analysing the dynamics of societal changes. Our analysis shows that there are various conceptual, content-based and methodological connections between MLP and futures studies that have been under-represented in both fields of literature. There are considerable similarities between scenarios and development pathways; weak signals and niche innovations; megatrends and landscape pressures. So far, MLP has been underutilized to analyse the variety of alternative futures. The MLP framework gives a structure on the systemic dynamics in societal change and futures studies provide apt methods to construct alternative pathways to societal transitions. We conclude that futures studies and the MLP framework, along with other theories and approaches in transition studies and management, have a high joint potential and thus contribute to better understanding of the dynamics of change for more sustainable futures. Realization of this potential requires further convergence of the approaches

What is a Green Economy? Review of National-Level Green Economy Policies in Cambodia and Lao PDR

A green economy that simultaneously promotes environmental sustainability, social inclusiveness, and economic growth is expected to benefit the heavily resource-dependent least developed countries. Yet, internationally, there is very little empirically based research on how the “green development” agenda translates into natural resource management policies in the least developed countries. This paper examines the implementation of green economy policies at the national level in the energy and forestry sectors in the Lao PDR and Cambodia. Both countries have adopted green growth targets; however, in terms of natural resources management, two contradictory processes have taken place during the past decade. While there have been some initiatives to decentralize natural resource management by enhancing the role of local communities role, such as community-based forest or fishery management, the far greater trend has been the opening up of the economies of the Lao PDR and Cambodia to large-scale investments by multinational enterprises. Large-scale hydropower projects and increasing deforestation pose challenges to more sustainable natural resource management efforts. This article is based on an analysis of the national green economy strategies and expert interviews with the government, academia, private sector and international and national development organizations. Focusing on the energy and forestry sectors, but also analysing the national green economy strategies as a whole, our analysis sheds light on the choices made in the national development versus green economy strategies. While green economy thinking rests on strong state regulation, the policies are often formulated within a complex dynamic of donor and investor interests. The achievement of a green economy depends on the state; thus, it should steer investments to ecologically less harmful industries and ensure social inclusiveness in land-use decisions. Our results show, however, that implementing a green economy is far more complex. Despite the quest for synergies, at the sectoral level there are still many unaddressed trade-offs between, for example, energy sources and forms of land use

Dynaaminen museo ja tulevaisuusperintöverstas : Käsikirja museoiden ekososiaaliseen sivistystyöhön

Museot voivat tulla entistä vaikuttavammiksi toimijoiksi ja yhteisen kestävyysmurroksen tukijoiksi olemalla avoimia uusille toimintatavoille. Mahdollisia kehityspolkuja tarjoavat tieteelliselle tutkimukselle perustuvat uudet käsitteet ja menetelmät. Dynaaminen museo on yhteiskunnallisesti vaikuttavamman ja tavoitteellisesti tulevaisuutta rakentavan museon toimintamalli. Se pystytetään kulttuuriperinnön, elävän perinnön ja tulevaisuusperinnön kivijaloille. Tulevaisuusperintö on kulttuuriperinnön muoto, jonka avulla dynaamisessa museossa on mahdollista osallistua kulttuurisen kestävyysmurroksen tuottamiseen yhteiskunnassa. Tulevaisuusperintöverstas on dynaamisen museon tulevaisuusajattelun työkalu, jonka avulla luodaan tulevaisuusperintöä ihmisten ja yhteisöjen kanssa ja heidän käyttöönsä.Dynaamisessa museossa, tulevaisuusperinnössä ja tulevaisuusperintöverstaassa yhdistyvät nykyinen kestävyysmurroksen tavoittelu, eri aikojen murroksien merkitykselliset asiat ja museoiden kyky osallistaa ihmisiä näiden äärelle. Olennaista tulevaisuusperintöverstaassa on ajallinen siirtymä nykyhetkestä menneisyyteen, menneisyydestä tulevaisuuteen ja tulevaisuudesta takaisin nykyhetkeen.Nyt julkaistut dynaamisen museon toimintamalli, tulevaisuusperinnön käsite ja viisivaiheisen tulevaisuusperintöverstaan menetelmä valmisteluvaiheineen ja jälkitöineen ovat vapaasti sovellettavissa missä tahansa museossa. Tulevaisuusperintöverstaiden aineisto kokoelmien osaksi tuotuna avaa mahdollisuuden kestävyysaiheiden tallentamiselle ja tarkastelulle eri aikoina.Museoiden tärkeimpiin työkaluihin kuuluvat luotettavuus sekä pitkä aikaulottuvuus ja empatia, joita tarvitaan, kun haluamme ymmärtää ja yhdessä luoda muutosprosesseja. Museoiden aktiivinen yhteiskunnallinen rooli luo yhteyden erilaisiin toimijoihin, sidosryhmiin ja yhteisöihin. Museot voivat toteuttaa tulevaisuusperintöverstaan omissa näyttelytiloissaan tai vaikka luonnossa sisällyttäen verstaan kulkuun esimerkiksi moniaistisia tai muita taiteellisia harjoituksia. Elävän perinnön työ on museolle aivan keskeinen toimintamuoto. Olennaista on keskustella arvoista sekä löytää yhdessä ituja kestävyysmuutokselle omassa arjessa.Ekologisella jälleenrakentamisella on kiire. Uudenlaisessa sivistyskäsityksessä ihmisellä on ylisukupolvinen ja moraalinen ymmärrys itsestään osana elollista ja elotonta luontoa. Ympäristökriisin ratkaiseminen ja muu tulevaisuuden rakentaminen nähdään yksilöiden ja yhteisöjen aktiivisena, kulttuurisena toimintana. Pelkästään aiempien ajallisten kulttuuristen kerrosten hyödyntäminen ei tuota kestävyysmurrosta. Tarvitaan siis eri aikatasoja yhdistävää ja uudenlaista tulevaisuutta rakentavaa museotoimintaa. Dynaamisessa museossa pyritään tähän ottamalla ekososiaalinen sivistys osaksi museoiden entuudestaan vahvaa sivistystyön osaamista.Fasilitoituja etä- ja lähitulevaisuusperintöverstaita pilotoitiin hankkeen aikana yhteensä 10. Kokeilukumppaneina olivat Arkkitehtuuri- ja Designmuseon A&DO-hanke, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo Luomus, Suomen maatalousmuseo Sarka, Suomen Metsämuseo Lusto, Suomen valokuvataiteen museo, Tekniikan museo, Varkauden museot sekä Tiedekeskus Heureka. Tämän lisäksi yhteistyötä tehtiin laaja-alaisesti ja vuorovaikutteisesti valtakunnallisen museokentän kanssa. Hankkeen viestintä oli monikanavaista ja aktiivista. Viestinnän rooli on olennaista ottaa huomioon tulevaisuusperintöverstaiden suunnittelussa.</p

What is a Green Economy? : Review of National-Level Green Economy Policies in Cambodia and Lao PDR

A green economy that simultaneously promotes environmental sustainability, social inclusiveness, and economic growth is expected to benefit the heavily resource-dependent least developed countries. Yet, internationally, there is very little empirically based research on how the “green development” agenda translates into natural resource management policies in the least developed countries. This paper examines the implementation of green economy policies at the national level in the energy and forestry sectors in the Lao PDR and Cambodia. Both countries have adopted green growth targets; however, in terms of natural resources management, two contradictory processes have taken place during the past decade. While there have been some initiatives to decentralize natural resource management by enhancing the role of local communities role, such as community-based forest or fishery management, the far greater trend has been the opening up of the economies of the Lao PDR and Cambodia to large-scale investments by multinational enterprises. Large-scale hydropower projects and increasing deforestation pose challenges to more sustainable natural resource management eorts. This article is based on an analysis of the national green economy strategies and expert interviews with the government, academia, private sector and international and national development organizations. Focusing on the energy and forestry sectors, but also analysing the national green economy strategies as a whole, our analysis sheds light on the choices made in the national development versus green economy strategies. While green economy thinking rests on strong state regulation, the policies are often formulated within a complex dynamic of donor and investor interests. The achievement of a green economy depends on the state; thus, it should steer investments to ecologically less harmful industries and ensure social inclusiveness in land-use decisions. Our results show, however, that implementing a green economy is far more complex. Despite the quest for synergies, at the sectoral level there are still many unaddressed trade-os between, for example, energy sources and forms of land use.Peer reviewe

What is a Green Economy? Review of National-Level Green Economy Policies in Cambodia and Lao PDR

A green economy that simultaneously promotes environmental sustainability, social inclusiveness, and economic growth is expected to benefit the heavily resource-dependent least developed countries. Yet, internationally, there is very little empirically based research on how the “green development” agenda translates into natural resource management policies in the least developed countries. This paper examines the implementation of green economy policies at the national level in the energy and forestry sectors in the Lao PDR and Cambodia. Both countries have adopted green growth targets; however, in terms of natural resources management, two contradictory processes have taken place during the past decade. While there have been some initiatives to decentralize natural resource management by enhancing the role of local communities role, such as community-based forest or fishery management, the far greater trend has been the opening up of the economies of the Lao PDR and Cambodia to large-scale investments by multinational enterprises. Large-scale hydropower projects and increasing deforestation pose challenges to more sustainable natural resource management efforts. This article is based on an analysis of the national green economy strategies and expert interviews with the government, academia, private sector and international and national development organizations. Focusing on the energy and forestry sectors, but also analysing the national green economy strategies as a whole, our analysis sheds light on the choices made in the national development versus green economy strategies. While green economy thinking rests on strong state regulation, the policies are often formulated within a complex dynamic of donor and investor interests. The achievement of a green economy depends on the state; thus, it should steer investments to ecologically less harmful industries and ensure social inclusiveness in land-use decisions. Our results show, however, that implementing a green economy is far more complex. Despite the quest for synergies, at the sectoral level there are still many unaddressed trade-offs between, for example, energy sources and forms of land use

Resource efficiency and green economic sustainability transition evaluation of green growth productivity gap and governance challenges in Cambodia

This study provides an analysis of Cambodian socio‐economic and environmental development. The analysis applies the Sustainable Society Index—database and uses Sustainability Window analyses linked to the green growth strategy in Cambodia. The novel analyses provide criteria for weak and strong sustainability and are further developed to evaluate the green growth productivity gap. We have carried out empirical analyses using indicators of the different dimensions of sustainability—economic, social, and environmental. The Sustainability Window defines the minimum economic development for social sustainability and the maximum economic development for environmental criterion for sustainability. This study demonstrates methodological usefulness of the Sustainability Window analysis in the fields of development studies and green growth. The methodological novelty of this study is to use Sustainability Window approach and to provide a novel empirical testbed for strong and weak sustainability analyses as well as for the analysis of the green growth resource use productivity gap. </div

A Scenario for the desirable future of the Peruvian agrifood sector 2030, focusing on Andean native crops : results from the 1st and 2nd futures workshops of the PECOLO project

The Andean region is exceptionally rich in biodiversity, harbouring an important centre of domestication of global food crops, such as potato, quinoa, corn, peanut and tomato. Such biodiversity provides a great potential to discover or, reintroduce, nutritionally rich local varieties and utilize them to develop innovative food applications. Utilization of native plant crops provide promising solutions to address the wider sustainability goals, such as rediscovering crops more resilient to the changing climate and providing local source of nutritious food. Diversification of the local diets with local grains enables better nutrition and can also contribute to food security in areas where food production is threatened by climate change. ‘Native crops for sustainable and innovative food futures in Peru and Colombia (PECOLO)’ is a collabo-ration project between University of Turku, Finland (UTU), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru (UNALM) and Universidad el Bosque, Colombia (UEB). From UTU, Finland Futures Research Centre (FFRC) of University of Turku coordinates the project. In addition, Functional Foods Forum and Department of Biochemistry of University of Turku participate in the project. The PECOLO project has a special focus on the development of innovation environments around Andean native crops. Futures research and foresight methodologies are used as novel tools for developing innovation environments in cooperation with academic, public and private sector organizations and NGOs. In addition to the development of innovation environments, the project has capacity-building and mobility components in specialized topics in food science such as nutrition and functional foods, and in sustainability issues along the food value chain, such as environmental impacts of food production, sustainable diets and food waste and loss. This publication is the first of the two publications for Peru that will be published as an outcome of the PECOLO project’s four step futures process around Andean native crops. The publication covers the methods and the results of the 1st workshop, which focused on horizon scanning of the current state of the agri-food sector, as well as the methods and the results of the 2nd workshop, which focused on development of scenarios for the Peruvian agri-food sector with a special focus on Andean native crops. The second PECOLO publication (published later in 2019) will present the roadmaps and action plans for the agri-food sector stakeholders in Peru and Colombia