Effects of exercise of different intensity on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite in young males

Introduction and research aims: The aim of the work was an evaluation of the impact of physical exertion on the regulating of food intake and digestive system hormone release as well as the partly connected phenomenon of evaluating the subjective sensation of hunger and the amount of food consumed at various time following physical exercise. Materials and methods: The tests covered 12 young, healthy men, for whom the effects of physical exertion of a moderate and high intensity on the subjective sensation of hunger/satiety, evaluated by means of visual analogue scales, on food intake as well as on the metabolic and hormonal parameters were tested. Results: Physical exertion resulted in a fall in the subjective sensation of hunger, but only following intensive exertion was this statistically significant. The intake of food was greater after exertion when compared to the control group. Moderate exertion resulted in a statistically significant but short-lived increase in the ghrelin level. This effect was not observed after intensive exertion, while in those tests during the post-meal period there occurred a fall in the concentration of ghrelin in the plasma. After exertion a physical fall was observed in the concentration of insulin in the plasma, for the intake of food resulted in a notable increase in its level. Conclusions: Physical highly intensive exertion, results in a temporary reduction in the subjective sensation of hunger but leads to an increased food intake. The current research suggests that moderate but not intensive physical exertion stimulates the secretion of ghrelin

Effect of acute sprint exercise on myokines and food intake hormones in young healthy men

Physical exercise is known to influence hormonal mediators of appetite, but the effect of short-term maximal intensity exercise on plasma levels of appetite hormones and cytokines has been little studied. We investigated the effect of a 30 s Wingate Test, followed by a postprandial period, on appetite sensations, food intake, and appetite hormones. Twenty-six physically active young males rated their subjective feelings of hunger, prospective food consumption, and fatigue on visual analogue scales at baseline, after exercise was completed, and during the postprandial period. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of nesfatin-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), human growth factor (hGH) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin and plasma lactate concentrations, at 30 min before exercise, immediately (210 s) after exercise, and 30 min following a meal and at corresponding times in control sedentary males without ad libitum meal intake, respectively. Appetite perceptions and food intake were decreased in response to exercise. Plasma levels of irisin, IL-6, lactate, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin was increased after exercise and then it was returned to postprandial/control period in both groups. A significant rise in plasma insulin, hGH and PP levels after exercise was observed while meal intake potentiated this response. In conclusion, an acute short-term fatiguing exercise can transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans. We postulate that this physiological response involves exercise-induced alterations in plasma hormones and the release of myokines such as irisin and IL-6, and supports the notion of existence of the skeletal muscle-brain-gut axis. Nevertheless, the detailed relationship between acute exercise releasing myokines, appetite sensations and impairment of this axis leading to several diseases should be further examined

Zdarzenia niepożądane i bezpieczeństwo pacjenta — próba ujęcia holistycznego

The aim of a paper is a holistic approach to the patient safety. Medical adverse events result from medical and non-medical factors. Blaming medical professionals exclusively is anachronism. Latent errors in the health care system are of decisive importance for patient safety. They originate usually from outside of the system. Ergonomic principles of systemic design have to be applied in order to improve patient safety as well as normalization, improvement of team work, and hospital staffing. Careful analysis of near-misses should be helpful in the proper directing of intervention. Improvement in the usability and reliability of medical equipment requires feed-back information to manufacturers. Nursing Topics 2015; 23 (4): 544–550Celem pracy było całościowe podejście do problemu bezpieczeństwa pacjenta. Zdarzenia niepożądane wynikają z medycznych i pozamedycznych uwarunkowań. Przypisywanie całej winy wykonawcy czynności medycznych jest anachronizmem. O bezpieczeństwie pacjenta decydują błędy ukryte powstające zwykle poza systemem opieki zdrowotnej. Dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa pacjentów należy wykorzystać zasady ergonomii, dążyć do normalizacji, doskonalenia pracy zespołowej oraz podwyższenia obsad lekarskich i pielęgniarskich. Ukierunkowaniu działań interwencyjnych winna służyć analiza niemal zdarzeń medycznych. Dla poprawy jakości użytkowej i niezawodności urządzeń medycznych konieczne jest przekazywanie wytwórcom informacji zwrotnej użytkownika. Problemy Pielęgniarstwa 2015; 23 (4): 544–55

Effects of a Meal on the Hemorheologic Responses to Exercise in Young Males

Aim. This study investigates the changes in hemorheologic parameters resulting from exercise followed by a standard meal. Methods. In twelve moderately active men a period of exercise on a bicycle ergometer for 30 min at 60% VO2max was followed by a test meal or by 30 min rest. Venous blood was sampled for further analysis at baseline, after exercise, and after the meal/rest period. Results. The elongation index (EI) was reduced and a marked rise in plasma viscosity was observed after exercise. A significant decrease in half time of total aggregation (T1/2) and a rise in aggregation index (AI) after exercise were observed; however, after the postexercise period these changes were reversed. Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that physical exercise causes several changes in blood rheology parameters, such as an increase of blood viscosity, a decrease in EI and an increase in AI, and a fall in the T1/2 values. The meal eaten in the postexercise period caused a further reduction in EI values indicating higher red cell rigidity, but not in plasma viscosity or aggregations indices. Such alterations in hemorheologic parameters should not impair the function of the cardiovascular system in fit and healthy people but it could constitute a serious risk under various pathophysiological conditions