6 research outputs found
Visualization and Quantification of Radiochemical Purity by Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging
Determination
of radiochemical purity is essential for characterization
of all radioactive compounds, including clinical radiopharmaceuticals.
Radio-thin layer chromatography (radio-TLC) has been used as the gold
standard for measurement of radiochemical purity; however, this method
has several limitations in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution,
two-dimensional scanning, and quantification accuracy. Here, we report
a new analytical technique for determination of radiochemical purity
based on Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI), whereby entire TLC plates
are visualized by detection of Cerenkov radiation. Sixteen routinely
used TLC plates were tested in combination with three different radioisotopes
(<sup>131</sup>I, <sup>124</sup>I, and <sup>32</sup>P). All TLC plates
doped with a fluorescent indicator showed excellent detection sensitivity
with scanning times of less than 1 min. The new CLI method was superior
to the traditional radio-TLC scanning method in terms of sensitivity,
scanning time, spatial resolution, and two-dimensional scanning. The
CLI method also showed better quantification features across a wider
range of radioactivity values compared with radio-TLC and classical
zonal analysis, especially for Ī²<sup>ā</sup>-emitters
such as <sup>131</sup>I and <sup>32</sup>P
Phosphonate Pendant Armed Propylene Cross-Bridged Cyclam: Synthesis and Evaluation as a Chelator for Cu-64
A propylene cross-bridged macrocyclic
chelator with two phosphonate
pendant arms (PCB-TE2P) was synthesized from cyclam. Various properties
of the synthesized chelator, including Cu-complexation, Cu-complex
stability, <sup>64</sup>Cu-radiolabeling, and in vivo behavior, were
studied and compared with those of a previously reported propylene
cross-bridged chelator (PCB-TE2A)
Propylene Cross-Bridged Macrocyclic Bifunctional Chelator: A New Design for Facile Bioconjugation and Robust <sup>64</sup>Cu Complex Stability
The first macrocyclic bifunctional
chelator incorporating propylene
cross-bridge was efficiently synthesized from cyclam in seven steps.
After the introduction of an extra functional group for facile conjugation
onto the propylene cross-bridge, the two carboxylic acid pendants
could contribute to strong coordination of CuĀ(II) ions, leading to
a robust Cu complex. The cyclic RGD peptide conjugate of PCB-TE2A-NCS
was prepared and successfully radiolabeled with <sup>64</sup>Cu ion.
The radiolabeled peptide conjugate was evaluated in vivo through a
biodistribution study and animal PET imaging to demonstrate high tumor
uptake with low background
High in Vivo Stability of <sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled Cross-Bridged Chelators Is a Crucial Factor in Improved Tumor Imaging of RGD Peptide Conjugates
Although the importance of bifunctional
chelators (BFCs) is well
recognized, the chemophysical parameters of chelators that govern
the biological behavior of the corresponding bioconjugates have not
been clearly elucidated. Here, five BFCs closely related in structure
were conjugated with a cyclic RGD peptide and radiolabeled with Cu-64
ions. Various biophysical and chemical properties of the CuĀ(II) complexes
were analyzed with the aim of identifying correlations between individual
factors and the biological behavior of the conjugates. Tumor uptake
and body clearance of the <sup>64</sup>Cu-labeled bioconjugates were
directly compared by animal PET imaging in animal models, which was
further supported by biodistribution studies. Conjugates containing
propylene cross-bridged chelators showed higher tumor uptake, while
a closely related ethylene cross-bridged analogue exhibited rapid
body clearance. High in vivo stability of the copperāchelator
complex was strongly correlated with high tumor uptake, while the
overall lipophilicity of the bioconjugate affected both tumor uptake
and body clearance
High in Vivo Stability of <sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled Cross-Bridged Chelators Is a Crucial Factor in Improved Tumor Imaging of RGD Peptide Conjugates
Although the importance of bifunctional
chelators (BFCs) is well
recognized, the chemophysical parameters of chelators that govern
the biological behavior of the corresponding bioconjugates have not
been clearly elucidated. Here, five BFCs closely related in structure
were conjugated with a cyclic RGD peptide and radiolabeled with Cu-64
ions. Various biophysical and chemical properties of the CuĀ(II) complexes
were analyzed with the aim of identifying correlations between individual
factors and the biological behavior of the conjugates. Tumor uptake
and body clearance of the <sup>64</sup>Cu-labeled bioconjugates were
directly compared by animal PET imaging in animal models, which was
further supported by biodistribution studies. Conjugates containing
propylene cross-bridged chelators showed higher tumor uptake, while
a closely related ethylene cross-bridged analogue exhibited rapid
body clearance. High in vivo stability of the copperāchelator
complex was strongly correlated with high tumor uptake, while the
overall lipophilicity of the bioconjugate affected both tumor uptake
and body clearance
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Generation Cross-Bridged Bifunctional Chelator for <sup>64</sup>Cu Radiotracers
Bifunctional chelators have been
successfully used to construct <sup>64</sup>Cu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
Previously reported chelators with cross-bridged cyclam backbones
have various essential features such as high stability of the copperĀ(II)
complex, high efficiency of radiolabeling at room temperature, and
good biological inertness of the radiolabeled complex, along with
rapid body clearance. Here, we report a new generation propylene-cross-bridged
chelator with hybrid acetate/phosphonate pendant groups (PCB-TE1A1P)
developed with the aim of combining these key properties in a single
chelator. The PCB-TE1A1P was synthesized from cyclam with good overall
yield. The CuĀ(II) complex of our chelator showed good robustness in
kinetic stability evaluation experiments, such as acidic decomplexation
and cyclic voltammetry studies. The CuĀ(II) complex of PCB-TE1A1P remained
intact under highly acidic conditions (12 M HCl, 90 Ā°C) for 8
d and showed quasi-reversible reduction/oxidation peaks at ā0.77
V in electrochemical studies. PCB-TE1A1P was successfully radiolabeled
with <sup>64</sup>Cu ions in an acetate buffer at 60 Ā°C within
60 min. The electrophoresis study revealed that the <sup>64</sup>Cu-PCB-TE1A1P
complex has net negative charge in aqueous solution. The biodistribution
and in vivo stability study profiles of <sup>64</sup>Cu-PCB-TE1A1P
indicated that the radioactive complex was stable under physiological
conditions and cleared rapidly from the body. A whole body positron
emission tomography (PET) imaging study further confirmed high in
vivo stability and fast clearance of the complex in mouse models.
In conclusion, PCB-TE1A1P has good potential as a bifunctional chelator
for <sup>64</sup>Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals, especially those involving
peptides