Uji Aktivitas Imunostimulator Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Etanol Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Terhadap Proliferasi Sel Limfosit Mencit Galur Swiss Secara in Vitro Beserta Identifikasi Kandungan Senyawa Kimianya

Immunostimulatory agent has an important role in the treatment of infectious disease caused by pathogen. Roselle calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) used by community as a health drink to enhance body's immune system. The aims of this research was to know immunostimulatory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of roselle calyx on lymphocyte cell proliferation Swiss strain mice and to identified the chemical compounds of the fraction. Roselle calyx was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96% as a solvent. The ethanolic extract was partitioned gradually by n-hexan and ethyl acetate. Series of ethyl acetate fraction were made to concentration 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL and positive control PHA 10 μg/mL for tested to lymphocyte cell culture. Immunostimulatory activity test was done according to MTT Assay method. Lymphocyte proliferation activity was analyzed statistically to the value of Optical Density (OD) result of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) reader using Kruskal Wallis Test continued by Mann Whitney Test (p<0,05). Identification of the contents phenolic compounds and flavonoids performed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The result of the research showed that ethyl acetate fraction had lymphocyte cell proliferation activity at the concentration of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of roselle calyx contained phenolic compounds and flavonoids

Uji Aktivitas Imunostimulator Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Etanol Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Terhadap Proliferasi Sel Limfosit Mencit Galur Swiss Secara in Vitro Beserta Identifikasi Kandungan Senyawa Kimianya

Immunostimulatory agent has an important role in the treatment of infectious disease caused by pathogen. Roselle calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) used by community as a health drink to enhance body\u27s immune system. The aims of this research was to know immunostimulatory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of roselle calyx on lymphocyte cell proliferation Swiss strain mice and to identified the chemical compounds of the fraction. Roselle calyx was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96% as a solvent. The ethanolic extract was partitioned gradually by n-hexan and ethyl acetate. Series of ethyl acetate fraction were made to concentration 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL and positive control PHA 10 μg/mL for tested to lymphocyte cell culture. Immunostimulatory activity test was done according to MTT Assay method. Lymphocyte proliferation activity was analyzed statistically to the value of Optical Density (OD) result of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) reader using Kruskal Wallis Test continued by Mann Whitney Test (p<0,05). Identification of the contents phenolic compounds and flavonoids performed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The result of the research showed that ethyl acetate fraction had lymphocyte cell proliferation activity at the concentration of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of roselle calyx contained phenolic compounds and flavonoids

Deep Breathing Exercise and Active Range of Motion Effectively Reduce Dyspnea in Congestive Heart Failure Patients

Dyspnea is a clinical manifestation of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) due to lack of oxygen supply because of accumulation of fluid in the alveoli. This is an important factor that affects the quality of life of patients. The accumulation makes the heart unable to pump up to the maximum. The effect in respiratory muscle increases the sensation of dyspnea. Non-pharmacological management is measures aimed to maintain physical stability, avoid behaviors that can aggravate the condition, and detect early symptoms of worsening heart failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of deep breathing exercise and active range of motion on dyspnea in CHF patients. This study was quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest with control group design that involved 32 respondents by stratified random sampling. Modified Borg scale was used as data collecting tool. The intervention of deep breathing exercise was conducted thirty times, and active range of motion was performed five times for each movement. The intervention was done three times a day for 3 days. This study was carried out from April to June 2017 in RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta. Paired t-test showed p&lt;0.001 in the intervention group and p=0.001 in the control group. Mann Whitney test showed that intervention of deep breathing exercise and active range of motion is more effective than hospital standard intervention in decreasing dyspnea (p=0.004; a=0.05). This study recommends the application of deep breathing exercise and active range of motion as a method to reduce dyspnea in patients with CHF

Monitoring Sebaran Vegetasi Mangrove yang Direhabilitasi di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo Surabaya

Kawasan pesisir Wonorejo merupakan kawasan mangrove yang direhabilitasi menjadi kawasan ekowisata. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pembentukan zonasi vegetasi pada ekosistem mangrove yang telah direhabilitasi. Lokasi pengamatan berada pada 3 stasiun, yaitu Stasiun 1 terletak pada batas atas zona supratidal, Stasiun 2 di pertengahan zona intertidal, dan Stasiun 3 pada zona subtidal. Struktur vegetasi mangrove dianalisis berdasarkan Kerapatan Jenis (K), Dominansi (D), dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP); sedangkan sebaran vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik lingkungan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis, PCA). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jenis yang dominan pada Stasiun 1 adalah Nypa fruticans (84,2%), sedangkan pada Stasiun 2 jenis yang dominan adalah Excoecaria agallocha (40,9%), dan di Stasiun 3 adalah Avicennia alba (83,4%). Tingkat kerusakan vegetasi mangrove di Wonorejo dikategorikan sedang, dengan kerapatan pohon antara ≥ 1000 – &lt; 1500 per hektar. Indeks keanekaragaman pada semua stasiun juga tergolong rendah karena bernilai kurang dari 1,5. Ekosistem ini mulai menunjukkan adanya suksesi ekosistem, terbukti dengan mulai adanya jenis-jenis mangrove lain yang tidak ditanam dengan sengaja. Hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara parameter jenis vegetasi dengan tinggi rendaman pasut, salinitas, dan pH, yang berkontribusi membentuk sumbu F2 positif. Artinya ketiga parameter tersebut merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan apakah ekosistem tersebut sesuai untuk pertumbuhan jenis mangrove tertentu

Keanekaragaman Komunitas Krustasea Di Kepulauan Matasiri Kalimantan Selatan* [the Community Diversity of Crustacean in Matasiri Islands, South Kalimantan]

Studies on the community diversity of crustaceans have been conducted in the waters of Matasiri Islands, South Kalimantan, from 19th November to 1st December 2010. This research was conducted to determine the density, diversity and the presence of crustacean fauna in the waters of South Kalimantan, especially in the Matasiri Islands. Samples were collected using trawl gear operated by KR (Research Ship) BarunaJaya VIII in four Stations and three Stations of free collecting along the islands. Free sampling was conducted along the beach and the reef edge by breaking live and dead rocks, and digging sand and mud in the mangrove or using hand net around the beach of Matasiri Islands. Collection is also done using the gillnet gear which is installed in shallow water during high tides about 4 hours.The samples were collected during low tide. The results obtained were 1882 individuals covering 86 species and 19 families. The diversity index ranges between 0.97 (the lowest at Station 3 of free collecting) and 3.74 (the highest in Station 3 of trawl). While the similarity index ranged from 0.36 (the lowest in Station 1 of trawl) to 0.97 (the highest in Station 3 of free collecting). Penaeidae prawn has the highest density in each observed station. Portunidae crab has the second highest density. South Kalimantan waters especially Matasiri Islands is still in good condition for crustacean life

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Talk Write (Ttw) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas Vb Sdn 110 Pekanbaru

This research was conducted because of the low learning outcomes of the VB students at SDN 110 Pekanbaru. It can be seen from their final examination results with an average score of 62,63 when the success criteria is 76. In order to solve this problem, the researcher decided to apply the cooperative learning model Think Talk Write to the students, which starts with the students\u27 involvement in thinking by themselves after reading the materials provided, followed by reading and developing ideas with their peers and then followed by writing conclusion and reports. This research is an action reserach, which consists of two cycles. Cycle 1 consists of two meetings and one daily exam at the end of every cycle. The subject of this research is the VB students of SDN 110 Pekanbaru which contains of 24 students, consisting of 15 females and 9 males. Before the TTW model was applied, the teachers\u27 activity in cycle I improved from 66,67%, which is categorized as good, to 75% which is categorized as good as well, and then it improved again in Cycle II and became 95,83% which is categorized as very good. The students\u27 ;earning outcomes improved from 62,63 to 76,67 in daily exam I and it improved again in daily exam II, becoming 81,25. With the implementation of TTW learning model, the students\u27 learning outcomes improve by 18,62%, therefore it can be concluded that the implementation of the cooperative learning model Think Talk Write canimprove the learning outcomes of Social Subjects of the VB students at SDN 110 Pekanbaru

Uji Diagnostik Penentuan Jenis Kelamin Metode Pemeriksaan Drumstick Neutrofil Dibandingkan dengan Metode Pemeriksaan Amelogenin Dna (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

The procedural and cost need for drumstick neutrophyl test as we know is more simple and cheap just than amelogenin DNA test. A few researches show the function of drumstick neutrophyl test and amelogenin DNA test forgender determination especially for live human. But still now there is no researches explain the validity of drumstick neutrophyl test than amelogenin gen by DNA-PCR to determine someone's gender.This research isto find out the validity of live human's gender determination, between drumstick neutrophyl test method and amelogenin DNA test method. This research used diagnostic test, with expected sensitifity is 90%. Twenty six blood sample which appropriate with the criteria was analyzed by drumstick neutrophyl test method and amelogenin DNA test method for their gender determination.Statistical analysis was done by two twice two table to determine sensitivity, spesificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio. The sensitifity of drumstick neutrophyl test method than amelogenin DNA test method is 83,33%, the spesifity is 71,43%, the positive predictive value is 71,43%, the negative predictive value is 83,33%, positive likelihood ratio is 2,9167, and the negative likelihood ratio is 0,233375