Survival and weight loss following H5N1 ferret challenge.

<p>(a) Kaplan-Meier curve of ferrets challenged with an H5N1 virus (A/Vietnam/1203/04). Ferrets were immunized and electroporated three times with the indicated constructs. One month following the final immunization, ferrets were challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of an H5N1 influenza virus. (b) Maximum weight loss in each group. Error bars represent 1 standard deviation from the mean, and are shown only in the positive direction for clarity.</p

Hemagglutination inhibition activity in rhesus macaques following two immunizations.

<p>HI activity is shown for clade 1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04), clade 2.1 (A/Anhui/01/05), and a more divergent clade 2.1 (A/Indonesia/05/05). Naïve monkeys showed no detectable HI activity against any of the indicated strains.</p

Results following an H5N1 challenge of immunized mice.

<p>Mice were challenged with 100LD₅₀ of an H5N1 virus (A/Hanoi/05/2005). (a) Kaplan-Meier curve showing the percent survival in each group. (b) Average weight loss among the surviving members of each group (and the weight loss seen in naïve mice before death). Error bars represent 1 standard deviation from the mean, and are shown only in the positive direction for clarity.</p

Induction of antigen-specific immune responses in BALB/C mice.

<p>(a) Quantification of IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells at one month following the final immunization. Splenocytes were stimulated with pools of overlapping peptides spanning the length of the antigen, separated into multiple pools. Also included are CD8-depleted controls. (b) Endpoint antibody ELISA from serum collected from mice immunized with pH5HA. All error bars represent ±1 standard deviation from the mean, and are representative of three independent experiments.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve in mice challenged with (a) H1N1 influenza (A/PR/8/34) and (b) H5N1 influenza (A/Vietnam/1203/04).

<p>All mice were immunized with pNP (except for naïve) and depleted of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, both, or neither.</p

Quantitative Comparison of Homologies Between Component and Consensus Sequences.

<p>Quantitative description of consensus immunogen design. This table describes the advantages of using a consensus immunogen to protect against an unknown emerging influenza virus.</p

Induction of antigen-specific immune responses in rhesus macaques.

<p>Purified PBMCs were analyzed two weeks following the second immunization for antigen-specific interferon-γ responses. Values from media-stimulated controls were subtracted from the corresponding antigen-stimulated monkey samples.</p

Hemagglutination Inhibition of H5N1 Influenza Viruses.

<p>Hemagglutination inhibition titers in ferrets after the second and third immunization against a clade 1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04) and clade 2.1 (A/Indonesia/05/2005) virus. Values shown include the mean and range of values.</p

Characterization and specificity of anti-gp120 antibody raised in Guinea pig.

<p>Western blot analysis of anti-gp120 antibody response using sera from multi-clade prime and recombinant protein boost immunized guinea pigs. Cell lysates from 293T cells transiently transfected with HIV-1 Env plasmid as indicated and were loaded onto 10% SDS-PAGE and were analyzed by Western blot using sera from multi-clade Env immunized plus protein boost as the primary antibody at a dilution of 1∶500. Sera were collected two weeks after the final protein immunization.</p

Design of animal groups for DNA prime-protein boost immunization study in BALB/c.

<p>Design of animal groups for DNA prime-protein boost immunization study in BALB/c.</p