13 research outputs found
ΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ―ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’Π‘ΠΠΠΠ
Low-angle laser light scattering (laser light diffraction, GPM. 1.2.1.0008.15, SP RFXIII Ed.) revealed the differences in particle size distribution in the study solutions of Anaferon for children, a drug product, and solutions of the respective controls. Percentage of the differences between extinction coefficients (Ξ΅) of the drug and Ξ΅ of the respective controls varied form 4.4% to 10.5% (different days, two series of samples and controls). The study results may serve as a basis for assessing the suitability of this method for identification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Anaferon for children and APIs of other released-active drugs.Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° (Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΠ€Π‘.1.2.1.0008.15, ΠΠ€ Π Π€ XIII) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (Ξ΅) ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Ξ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ 4,4% Π΄ΠΎ 10,5% (ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ, Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (ΠΠ€Π) Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΠ€Π Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ―ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’Π‘ΠΠΠΠ
Low-angle laser light scattering (laser light diffraction, GPM. 1.2.1.0008.15, SP RFXIII Ed.) revealed the differences in particle size distribution in the study solutions of Anaferon for children, a drug product, and solutions of the respective controls. Percentage of the differences between extinction coefficients (Ξ΅) of the drug and Ξ΅ of the respective controls varied form 4.4% to 10.5% (different days, two series of samples and controls). The study results may serve as a basis for assessing the suitability of this method for identification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Anaferon for children and APIs of other released-active drugs.Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° (Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΠ€Π‘.1.2.1.0008.15, ΠΠ€ Π Π€ XIII) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (Ξ΅) ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Ξ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ 4,4% Π΄ΠΎ 10,5% (ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ, Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (ΠΠ€Π) Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΠ€Π Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»
A number of the released-active drugs with proved safety and efficacy against viral infections, cough, stress and anxiety, brain circulation impairments, metabolic disorders, etc., exist in the pharmaceutical market for more than 15 years. Results of the preclinical studies have revealed some of the aspects of the released-active antibodies action. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of each drug's action is still a subject of research. The aim of the present review is to investigate the physical-chemical principles of mechanism of action of the released-active drugs.ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 15 Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° - ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
Objectives. The development of microfluidic systems is one of the promising areas of science and technology. In most procedures performed using microfluidic systems, effective mixing in microfluidic channels of microreactors (chips) is of particular importance, because it has an effect on the sensitivity and speed of analytical procedures. The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate the major parameters of the flow and mixing processes in a passive microfluidic micromixer, and to develop an information-measuring system to monitor the dynamics of flow (mixing) of liquids.Methods. This article provides an overview of the concept of microfluidic mixing chips (micromixers) and their classification, and analyzes the kinds of points of mixing and microfluidic channels for mixing. The article presents the description and calculations of the hydrodynamic similarity criteria (Reynolds, Dean and Peclet numbers), which are the critical parameters for creating and optimizing micromixers (for example, straight and curved channels in the flow rate range between 100 and 1000 Β΅l/min). We have developed an information-measuring system to monitor the dynamics of flow (mixing) of liquids in a microfluidic channel, which consists of a microscope with a digital eyepiece (LOMO MIB, Russia), an Atlas syringe pump (Syrris Ltd., UK) and a passive mixing microfluidic chip of interest (made of clear glass). This system was designed to quickly illustrate the principles of mixing in microfluidic channels of different configurations.Results. The developed system has allowed carrying out a colorimetric analysis of the modes and dynamics of mixing two liquids (5% aqueous solution of azorubine dye and water) at the T-shaped mixing point, at the straight and curved (double-bend shaped) sections of the microfluidic channel of the passive-type micromixer with flow rates varying from 100 to 400 Β΅l/min.Conclusions. According to the obtained calculations, the share of the advective mixing processes (formation of vortex flows and increase in the contact area of the mixed substances) in flowing liquids is significantly higher in curved microchannels. The developed information-measuring system to monitor the dynamics of flow (mixing) of liquids in a microfluidic channel is a convenient tool for optimizing the mixing modes in the channels of micromixers, and for designing new configurations of channels in microchips. It would allow intensifying processes and increasing the performance of microfluidic systems.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ), ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ (ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ½Π°), ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ 100 Π΄ΠΎ 1000 ΠΌΠΊΠ»/ΠΌΠΈΠ½). Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π΅, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ (Β«ΠΠΠΠΒ» ΠΠΠ, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ), ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Atlas (Syrris Ltd., ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (5% Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) Π² Π’-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΡ
(Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ°) ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ 100 Π΄ΠΎ 400 ΠΌΠΊΠ»/ΠΌΠΈΠ½.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°Π΄Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²) Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π£ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ€Π ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π
Solubility is the most important quality indicator, reflecting the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Prior to the release of API, solubility is one of the key factors affecting the efficacy and safety of drugs. Therefore, the directed development of new drugs with predetermined properties (drug design) should be basedon solubility of candidate substances and be taken into account when evaluating the bioequivalence of generic drugs branded, including in vitro - in vivo correlation. Given that the pharmacopeia regulation of the test for the solubility of API is reduced to a visual estimate and approximate solubility, we developed a kinetic dissolution evaluation method by laser diffraction and performed statistical analysis of the results obtained under repeatability conditions.Π Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ - Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ€Π). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ€Π, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ (drug design) Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²-ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ in vitro - in vivo. Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ€Π ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
COVID-19. Liver damage - visualization features and possible causes
Item. To evaluate the features of CT imaging of the liver and the possible causes of pathological changes in COVID-19. Materials and methods. An analysis of the literature and our own data on the features of CT imaging of the liver in combination with biochemical analyzes in patients with COVID-19 was performed. The main possible causes of changes in the liver, as well as symptoms with CT, are examined. Results. The main target of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is the respiratory system. But among patients with COVID-19, along with damage to the central nervous system, myocardium, and intestines, cases of liver damage or dysfunction have been reported. This is expressed in an increase in biochemical markers of liver damage, as well as in a diffuse decrease in its density during CT, which is usually observed in the acute stage of the disease. Β© 2020 Medical Visualization. All rights reserved
Mechanical Transformation of Compounds Leading to Physical, Chemical, and Biological Changes in Pharmaceutical Substances
This study demonstrates the link between the modification of the solid-phase pharmaceutical substances mechanical structure and their activity in waters with different molar ratio Β«deuterium-protiumΒ». Mechanochemical transformation of the powders of lactose monohydrate and sodium chloride as models of nutrients and components of dosage forms was investigated by the complex of physicochemical and biological methods. The solubility and kinetic activity of substances dispersed in various ways showed a positive correlation with the solvent isotope profile. Substances dissolved in heavy water were more active than solutes in natural water. Differential IR spectroscopy confirmed the modification of substituents in the sample of lactose monohydrate, demonstrating physicochemical changes during mechanical intervention. The biological activity of the compounds was determined by the method of Spirotox. The activation energy was determined by Arrhenius. Compared with the native compound, dispersed lactose monohydrate showed lower activation energy and, therefore, greater efficiency. In conclusion, proposed data confirm the statement that mechanical changes in compounds can lead to physicochemical changes that affect chemical and biological profiles. Β© 2018 A. V. Syroeshkin et al
Age-associated murine cardiac lesions are attenuated by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1
Age-related changes in mammalian hearts
often result in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis that are
preceded by inflammatory infiltration. In this paper, we
show that lifelong treatment of BALB/c and C57BL/6
mice with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1
retards senescence-associated myocardial disease
(cardiomyopathy), cardiac hypertrophy, and diffuse
myocardial fibrosis. To investigate the molecular basis
of the action of SkQ1, we have applied DNA microarray
analysis. The global gene expression profile in heart
tissues was not significantly affected by administration
of SkQ1. However, we found some small but statistically
significant modifications of the pathways related to cellto-cell contact, adhesion, and leukocyte infiltration.
Probably, SkQ1-induced decrease in leukocyte and
mesenchymal cell adhesion and/or infiltration lead to a
reduction in age-related inflammation and subsequent
fibrosis. The data indicate a causative role of
mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular
aging and imply that SkQ1 has poteential as a drug
against age-related cardiac dysfunction