Estudio De Pre-Factibilidad Del Aguardiente “La Diablita” En El Municipio De Juigalpa, Departamento De Chontales En El Período Comprendido De Agosto A Noviembre Del Año 2015

Las bebidas alcohólicas son productos vendidos en todo el mundo, estos producen utilidades que estos productos proveen a las empresas que se dedican a su producción de manera industrializada. El objetivo de esta investigación es elaborar un estudio de pre-factibilidad del aguardiente “La Diablita” en el municipio de Juigalpa, departamento de Chontales en el período comprendido de agosto a noviembre del año 2015 El instrumento utilizado para este trabajo investigativo fue una encuesta que constaba de 13 (trece) preguntas cuya información fue procesada a través de un software estadístico ampliamente usado en el procesamiento de datos obtenidos de instrumentos de investigación que mejor se conoce como “SPSS”, el universo de esta investigación era básicamente, todas las personas jóvenes de entre 18 a 29 años de edad, tanto hombres y mujeres que vivieran en el caso urbano de la ciudad de Juigalpa. La muestra fue constituida por 371 personas que debían ser encuestadas si se deseaba obtener datos representativos del segmento de mercado. La Hipótesis planteada en este trabajo es que si el aguardiente “La Diablita” se hace con características agradables para los consumidores de bebidas alcohólicas este producto tendría una buena aceptación en el mercado Juigalpino. En los resultados de la encuesta se obtuvieron datos valiosos para el desarrollo de un producto cuyas características organolépticas fueran deseables para el segmento de mercado al que está destinado, para la creación del producto estos datos fueron determinantes en la elección de sus características finales. Gracias a esta adecuación se determina que el aguardiente “La Diablita” es una bebida que tendría una buena aceptación dentro del mercado local

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p < 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p<0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p<0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology