43 research outputs found
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides Potentiate Host Protective Responses against L. Monocytogenes Infection.
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are used to modulate enteric pathogens and reduce pathogen shedding. The interactions with prebiotics that alter Listeria monocytogenes infection are not yet clearly delineated. L. monocytogenes cellular invasion requires a concerted manipulation of host epithelial cell membrane receptors to initiate internalization and infection often via receptor glycosylation. Bacterial interactions with host glycans are intimately involved in modulating cellular responses through signaling cascades at the membrane and in intracellular compartments. Characterizing the mechanisms underpinning these modulations is essential for predictive use of dietary prebiotics to diminish pathogen association. We demonstrated that human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) pretreatment of colonic epithelial cells (Caco-2) led to a 50% decrease in Listeria association, while Biomos pretreatment increased host association by 150%. L. monocytogenes-induced gene expression changes due to oligosaccharide pretreatment revealed global alterations in host signaling pathways that resulted in differential subcellular localization of L. monocytogenes during early infection. Ultimately, HMO pretreatment led to bacterial clearance in Caco-2 cells via induction of the unfolded protein response and eIF2 signaling, while Biomos pretreatment resulted in the induction of host autophagy and L. monocytogenes vacuolar escape earlier in the infection progression. This study demonstrates the capacity of prebiotic oligosaccharides to minimize infection through induction of host-intrinsic protective responses
Complete Genome Sequences of a Clinical Isolate and an Environmental Isolate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-borne infections in the United States. We report complete genome sequences for two V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated in 2007, CDC_K4557 and FDA_R31 of clinical and oyster origin, respectively. These two sequences might assist in the investigation of differential virulence of this organism
Draft Genome Sequences of Campylobacter jejuni Strains That Cause Abortion in Livestock.
Campylobacter jejuni is an intestinal bacterium that can cause abortion in livestock. This publication announces the public release of 15 Campylobacter jejuni genome sequences from isolates linked to abortion in livestock. These isolates are part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project and are from clinical cases at the University of California (UC) Davis
Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Abortive Campylobacter jejuni from Northern California.
Campylobacter jejuni is an enteric bacterium that can cause abortion in livestock. This is the release of a multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni genome from an isolate that caused an abortion in a cow in northern California. This isolate is part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project
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Shigella Draft Genome Sequences: Resources for Food Safety and Public Health.
Shigella is a major foodborne pathogen that infects humans and nonhuman primates and is the major cause of dysentery and reactive arthritis worldwide. This is the initial public release of 16 Shigella genome sequences from four species sequenced as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus velezensis CE2, Which Genetically Encodes a Novel Multicomponent Lantibiotic.
Bacillus velezensis CE2 produces potent antimicrobial compound(s). The draft genome sequence of the strain reported here is 4.1 Mb with a G+C content of 46.1%. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the strain genetically encodes a novel multicomponent lantibiotic, velezensicidin
100K Pathogen Genome Project: 306 Listeria Draft Genome Sequences for Food Safety and Public Health.
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-associated bacterium that is responsible for food-related illnesses worldwide. This is the initial public release of 306 L. monocytogenes genome sequences as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. These isolates represent global genomic diversity in L. monocytogenes
Salmonella Degrades the Host Glycocalyx Leading to Altered Infection and Glycan Remodeling.
Complex glycans cover the gut epithelial surface to protect the cell from the environment. Invasive pathogens must breach the glycan layer before initiating infection. While glycan degradation is crucial for infection, this process is inadequately understood. Salmonella contains 47 glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that may degrade the glycan. We hypothesized that keystone genes from the entire GH complement of Salmonella are required to degrade glycans to change infection. This study determined that GHs recognize the terminal monosaccharides (N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), galactose, mannose, and fucose) and significantly (p < 0.05) alter infection. During infection, Salmonella used its two GHs sialidase nanH and amylase malS for internalization by targeting different glycan structures. The host glycans were altered during Salmonella association via the induction of N-glycan biosynthesis pathways leading to modification of host glycans by increasing fucosylation and mannose content, while decreasing sialylation. Gene expression analysis indicated that the host cell responded by regulating more than 50 genes resulting in remodeled glycans in response to Salmonella treatment. This study established the glycan structures on colonic epithelial cells, determined that Salmonella required two keystone GHs for internalization, and left remodeled host glycans as a result of infection. These data indicate that microbial GHs are undiscovered virulence factors
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Draft Genome Sequences of 1,183 Salmonella Strains from the 100K Pathogen Genome Project.
Salmonella is a common food-associated bacterium that has substantial impact on worldwide human health and the global economy. This is the public release of 1,183 Salmonella draft genome sequences as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. These isolates represent global genomic diversity in the Salmonella genus
Large-Scale Release of Campylobacter Draft Genomes: Resources for Food Safety and Public Health from the 100K Pathogen Genome Project.
Campylobacter is a food-associated bacterium and a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, being associated with poultry in the food supply. This is the initial public release of 202 Campylobacter genome sequences as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. These isolates represent global genomic diversity in the Campylobacter genus