Effect of yoghurt processing on beta-casomorphin 5 and beta-casomorphin 7 concentrations using novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods

The effect of yoghurt processing on the concentration of beta-casomorphin 5 and beta-casomorphin 7 was investigated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were developed and validated. The milk beta-casomorphin 7 range was 0.13 and 2.38 ng/g and beta-casomorphin 5 was below limit of detection. Beta-casomorphin 7 was completely degraded when milk was fermented with individual bacteria or a mixture of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus at pH 4.5 and after 7 days of yoghurt storage

Sustaining Vietnamese Economic Development by Improving the Transparency of Choice of Law Decisions

Without a doubt, Vietnam has enjoyed outstanding economic performance since the adoption of doi moi in 1986. To a significant extent, Vietnam has accomplished this through the dramatic increase in international trade and investment. However, further economic progress will be undermined if international partners begin to question the fairness of the Vietnamese legal system – especially in the application of choice of law principles. At best, a perceived lack of transparency in choice of law decisions will increase uncertainty; at worst, it will foster the impression that Vietnamese Courts do not treat international parties fairly. Accordingly, this article recommends that all Vietnamese civil court cases involving non-Vietnamese parties should be published in a public, easily searchable database that discloses the traditional case identification information, the law applied, and the underlying rationale for the ultimate choice of law selection in the case

The Impact of Waves and Tidal Currents on the Sediment Transport at the Sea Port

Dredged sediments in estuarine and coastal waters can cause sediment transport and water pollutant in marine environment since the sediments are diffused to waterbodies under the influence of wave and flow regimes. As a result, it increases turbidity and enhances sediment deposition at dump sites. In Vietnam, few authors have studied and assessed the environmental impact of dumping and dredged materials to the port areas. This paper combines a coupled spectral wind-wave, hydrodynamic, and sediment transport models in order to study the impact of tide and wave conditions to regional sediment transport patterns at Vung Ang port area in Vietnam. The results for the currents and waves were evaluated and validated using field data. Wind and wave data for the calculated domain are extracted from the WAVEWATCH-III (wave data) and NOAA global climate change models (wind data). The calibration and validation of the MIKE 21/3 showed a high conformity between the observed and simulated data based on the mean absolute error (MAE), the RMSE-observation standard deviation ratio (RSR) and the Percent bias (PBIAS). The MIKE 21/3 sediment transport simulation results showed that the highest suspended sediment concentrations were 2.5-3 g/m3 at the dredging position and the increased concentration along the transport route ranged from 1-1.5 g/m3. The simulation results showed the bed level change of the simulated domain. We found that the suspended sediment diffusion area decreased with the respective depth: Layer 1 (65.5 km2), Layer 2 (45.7 km2), and Layer 3 (37.4 km2). Therefore, the simulation results of the dredged materials activities were significantly affected by the wave and tidal regime on the sediment transport. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091749 Full Text: PD

Study change of the performance of airfoil of small wind turbine under low wind speed by CFD simulation

Renewable energy has received strong attention and investment to replace fossil energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Quite good and good wind speed areas have been invested in building large-capacity wind farms for many years. The low wind speed region occupies a very large on the world, which has been interested in the exploitation of wind energy in recent years. In this study, the original airfoil of S1010 operated at low wind speed was redesigned to increase the aerodynamic efficiency of the airfoil by using XFLR5 software. After, the new VAST-EPU-S1010 airfoil model was adjusted to the maximum thickness and the maximum thickness position. It was simulated in low wind speed conditions of 4-6 m/s by CFD simulation. The lift coefficient, drag coefficient and $C_{L}$/$C_{D}$ coefficient ratio were evaluated under the effect of the angle of attack and the maximum thickness by using the $k-\epsilon$ model. Simulation results show that the VAST-EPU-S1010 airfoil achieved the greatest aerodynamic efficiency at the angle of attack of 3\,^{\circ}, the maximum thickness of 8\% and the maximum thickness position of 20.32\%. The maximum value of $C_{L}$/$C_{D}$ of the new airfoil at 6 m/s is higher than at the 4 m/s by about 6.25\%.Comment: 19 pages, 21 figure

Efficient Finetuning Large Language Models For Vietnamese Chatbot

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, PaLM, and LLaMa, have been shown to achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language tasks. Recent advancements in instruction tuning bring LLMs with ability in following user's instructions and producing human-like responses. However, the high costs associated with training and implementing LLMs pose challenges to academic research. Furthermore, the availability of pretrained LLMs and instruction-tune datasets for Vietnamese language is limited. To tackle these concerns, we leverage large-scale instruction-following datasets from open-source projects, namely Alpaca, GPT4All, and Chat-Doctor, which cover general domain and specific medical domain. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first instructional dataset for Vietnamese. Subsequently, we utilize parameter-efficient tuning through Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) on two open LLMs: Bloomz (Multilingual) and GPTJ-6B (Vietnamese), resulting four models: Bloomz-Chat, Bloomz-Doctor, GPTJ-Chat, GPTJ-Doctor.Finally, we assess the effectiveness of our methodology on a per-sample basis, taking into consideration the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of detail in their responses. This evaluation process entails the utilization of GPT-4 as an automated scoring mechanism. Despite utilizing a low-cost setup, our method demonstrates about 20-30\% improvement over the original models in our evaluation tasks.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.08177, arXiv:2303.16199 by other author

Evolutionary tracks for Betelgeuse

We have constructed a series of non-rotating quasi-hydrostatic evolutionary models for the M2 Iab supergiant Betelgeuse ($\alpha~Orionis$). Our models are constrained by multiple observed values for the temperature, luminosity, surface composition and mass loss for this star, along with the parallax distance and high resolution imagery that determines its radius. We have then applied our best-fit models to analyze the observed variations in surface luminosity and the size of detected surface bright spots as the result of up-flowing convective material from regions of high temperature in the surface convective zone. We also attempt to explain the intermittently observed periodic variability in a simple radial linear adiabatic pulsation model. Based upon the best fit to all observed data, we suggest a best progenitor mass estimate of $20 ^{+5}_{-3} M_\odot$ and a current age from the start of the zero-age main sequence of $8.0 - 8.5$ Myr based upon the observed ejected mass while on the giant branch.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, Revised per referee suggestions, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Students and young university staff development in the context of e-learning and the fourth industrial revolution

This article aims at presenting the current state of students’ capacity for learning and competencies of young staff members in Vietnamese universities. Then, we imply some orientations to improve students’ capacity for learning and young lecturers’ capacity for teaching in the 4th industrial revolution such as: Application of technology in teaching - education management and international affair

Develop algorithms to determine the status of car drivers using built-in accelerometer and GBDT

In this paper, we introduce a mobile application called CarSafe, in which data from the acceleration sensor integrated on smartphones is exploited to come up with an efficient classification algorithm. Two statuses, "Driving" or "Not driving," are monitored in the real-time manner. It enables automatic actions to help the driver safer. Also, from these data, our software can detect the crash situation. The software will then automatically send messages with the user's location to their emergency departments for timely assistance. The application will also issue the same alert if it detects a driver of a vehicle driving too long. The algorithm's quality is assessed through an average accuracy of 96.5%, which is better than the previous work (i.e., 93%)